Reference guide to workflow expression functions in Azure Logic Apps and Power Automate

Applies to: Azure Logic Apps (Consumption + Standard)

For workflow definitions in Azure Logic Apps and Power Automate, some expressions get their values from runtime actions that might not yet exist when your workflow starts running. To reference or process the values in these expressions, you can use expression functions provided by the Workflow Definition Language.

For example, you can calculate values by using math functions, such as the add() function, when you want the sum from integers or floats. Here are other example tasks that you can perform with functions:

Task	Function syntax	Result
Return a string in lowercase format.	toLower('<text>') For example: toLower('Hello')	"hello"
Return a globally unique identifier (GUID).	guid()	"c2ecc88d-88c8-4096-912c-d6f2e2b138ce"

To find functions based on their general purpose, review the following tables. Or, for detailed information about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Functions in expressions

To show how to use a function in an expression, this example shows how you can get the value from the customerName parameter and assign that value to the accountName property by using the parameters() function in an expression:

"accountName": "@parameters('customerName')"

Here are some other general ways that you can use functions in expressions:

Task	Function syntax in an expression
Perform work with an item by passing that item to a function.	"@<functionName>(<item>)"
1. Get the parameterName's value by using the nested parameters() function. 2. Perform work with the result by passing that value to functionName.	"@<functionName>(parameters('<parameterName>'))"
1. Get the result from the nested inner function functionName. 2. Pass the result to the outer function functionName2.	"@<functionName2>(<functionName>(<item>))"
1. Get the result from functionName. 2. Given that the result is an object with property propertyName, get that property's value.	"@<functionName>(<item>).<propertyName>"

For example, the concat() function can take two or more string values as parameters. This function combines those strings into one string. You can either pass in string literals, for example, "Sophia" and "Owen" so that you get a combined string, "SophiaOwen":

"customerName": "@concat('Sophia', 'Owen')"

Or, you can get string values from parameters. This example uses the parameters() function in each concat() parameter and the firstName and lastName parameters. You then pass the resulting strings to the concat() function so that you get a combined string, for example, "SophiaOwen":

"customerName": "@concat(parameters('firstName'), parameters('lastName'))"

Either way, both examples assign the result to the customerName property.

Considerations for using functions

• The designer doesn't evaluate runtime expressions that are used as function parameters at design time. The designer requires that all expressions can be fully evaluated at design time.

• Function parameters are evaluated from left to right.

• In the syntax for parameter definitions, a question mark (?) that appears after a parameter means the parameter is optional. For example, see getFutureTime().

• Function expressions that appear inline with plain text require enclosing curly braces ({}) to use the expression's interpolated format instead. This format helps avoid parsing problems. If your function expression doesn't appear inline with plain text, no curly braces are necessary.

  The following example shows the correct and incorrect syntax:

  Correct: "<text>/@{<function-name>('<parameter-name>')}/<text>"

  Incorrect: "<text>/@<function-name>('<parameter-name>')/<text>"

  OK: "@<function-name>('<parameter-name>')"

The following sections organize functions based on their general purpose, or you can browse these functions in alphabetical order.

String functions

To work with strings, you can use these string functions and also some collection functions. String functions work only on strings.

String function	Task
chunk	Split a string or collection into chunks of equal length.
concat	Combine two or more strings, and return the combined string.
endsWith	Check whether a string ends with the specified substring.
formatNumber	Return a number as a string based on the specified format
guid	Generate a globally unique identifier (GUID) as a string.
indexOf	Return the starting position for a substring.
isFloat	Return a boolean that indicates whether a string is a floating-point number.
isInt	Return a boolean that indicates whether a string is an integer.
lastIndexOf	Return the starting position for the last occurrence of a substring.
length	Return the number of items in a string or array.
nthIndexOf	Return the starting position or index value where the nth occurrence of a substring appears in a string.
replace	Replace a substring with the specified string, and return the updated string.
slice	Return a substring by specifying the starting and ending position or value. See also substring.
split	Return an array that contains substrings, separated by commas, from a larger string based on a specified delimiter character in the original string.
startsWith	Check whether a string starts with a specific substring.
substring	Return characters from a string, starting from the specified position. See also slice.
toLower	Return a string in lowercase format.
toUpper	Return a string in uppercase format.
trim	Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string, and return the updated string.

Collection functions

To work with collections, generally arrays, strings, and sometimes, dictionaries, you can use these collection functions.

Collection function	Task
chunk	Split a string or collection into chunks of equal length.
contains	Check whether a collection has a specific item.
empty	Check whether a collection is empty.
first	Return the first item from a collection.
intersection	Return a collection that has only the common items across the specified collections.
item	If this function appears inside a repeating action over an array, return the current item in the array during the action's current iteration.
join	Return a string that has all the items from an array, separated by the specified character.
last	Return the last item from a collection.
length	Return the number of items in a string or array.
reverse	Reverse the order of items in an array.
skip	Remove items from the front of a collection, and return all the other items.
sort	Sort items in a collection.
take	Return items from the front of a collection.
union	Return a collection that has all the items from the specified collections.

Logical comparison functions

To work with conditions, compare values and expression results, or evaluate various kinds of logic, you can use these logical comparison functions. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Logical comparison function	Task
and	Check whether all expressions are true.
equals	Check whether both values are equivalent.
greater	Check whether the first value is greater than the second value.
greaterOrEquals	Check whether the first value is greater than or equal to the second value.
if	Check whether an expression is true or false. Based on the result, return a specified value.
isFloat	Return a boolean that indicates whether a string is a floating-point number.
isInt	Return a boolean that indicates whether a string is an integer.
less	Check whether the first value is less than the second value.
lessOrEquals	Check whether the first value is less than or equal to the second value.
not	Check whether an expression is false.
or	Check whether at least one expression is true.

Conversion functions

To change a value's type or format, you can use these conversion functions. For example, you can change a value from a Boolean to an integer. For more information about how Azure Logic Apps handles content types during conversion, see Handle content types. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Conversion function	Task
array	Return an array from a single specified input. For multiple inputs, see createArray.
base64	Return the base64-encoded version for a string.
base64ToBinary	Return the binary version for a base64-encoded string.
base64ToString	Return the string version for a base64-encoded string.
binary	Return the binary version for an input value.
bool	Return the Boolean version for an input value.
createArray	Return an array from multiple inputs.
dataUri	Return the data URI for an input value.
dataUriToBinary	Return the binary version for a data URI.
dataUriToString	Return the string version for a data URI.
decimal	Return the decimal number for a decimal string.
decodeBase64	Return the string version for a base64-encoded string.
decodeDataUri	Return the binary version for a data URI.
decodeUriComponent	Return a string that replaces escape characters with decoded versions.
encodeUriComponent	Return a string that replaces URL-unsafe characters with escape characters.
float	Return a floating point number for an input value.
int	Return the integer version for a string.
json	Return the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) type value or object for a string or XML.
string	Return the string version for an input value.
uriComponent	Return the URI-encoded version for an input value by replacing URL-unsafe characters with escape characters.
uriComponentToBinary	Return the binary version for a URI-encoded string.
uriComponentToString	Return the string version for a URI-encoded string.
xml	Return the XML version for a string.

Implicit data type conversions

Azure Logic Apps automatically or implicitly converts between some data types, so you don't have to manually perform these conversions. For example, if you use non-string values where strings are expected as inputs, Azure Logic Apps automatically converts the non-string values into strings.

For example, suppose a trigger returns a numerical value as output:

triggerBody()?['123']

If you use this numerical output where string input is expected, such as a URL, Azure Logic Apps automatically converts the value into a string by using the curly braces ({}) notation:

@{triggerBody()?['123']}

Base64 encoding and decoding

Azure Logic Apps automatically or implicitly performs base64 encoding or decoding, so you don't have to manually perform these conversions by using the corresponding functions:

• base64(<value>)
• base64ToBinary(<value>)
• base64ToString(<value>)
• base64(decodeDataUri(<value>))
• concat('data:;base64,',<value>)
• concat('data:,',encodeUriComponent(<value>))
• decodeDataUri(<value>)

Math functions

To work with integers and floats, you can use these math functions. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Math function	Task
add	Return the result from adding two numbers.
div	Return the result from dividing two numbers.
max	Return the highest value from a set of numbers or an array.
min	Return the lowest value from a set of numbers or an array.
mod	Return the remainder from dividing two numbers.
mul	Return the product from multiplying two numbers.
rand	Return a random integer from a specified range.
range	Return an integer array that starts from a specified integer.
sub	Return the result from subtracting the second number from the first number.

Date and time functions

To work with dates and times, you can use these date and time functions. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Date or time function	Task
addDays	Add days to a timestamp.
addHours	Add hours to a timestamp.
addMinutes	Add minutes to a timestamp.
addSeconds	Add seconds to a timestamp.
addToTime	Add specified time units to a timestamp. See also getFutureTime.
convertFromUtc	Convert a timestamp from Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) to the target time zone.
convertTimeZone	Convert a timestamp from the source time zone to the target time zone.
convertToUtc	Convert a timestamp from the source time zone to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC).
dateDifference	Return the difference between two dates as a timespan.
dayOfMonth	Return the day of the month component from a timestamp.
dayOfWeek	Return the day of the week component from a timestamp.
dayOfYear	Return the day of the year component from a timestamp.
formatDateTime	Return the date from a timestamp.
getFutureTime	Return the current timestamp plus the specified time units. See also addToTime.
getPastTime	Return the current timestamp minus the specified time units. See also subtractFromTime.
parseDateTime	Return the timestamp from a string that contains a timestamp.
startOfDay	Return the start of the day for a timestamp.
startOfHour	Return the start of the hour for a timestamp.
startOfMonth	Return the start of the month for a timestamp.
subtractFromTime	Subtract a number of time units from a timestamp. See also getPastTime.
ticks	Return the ticks property value for a specified timestamp.
utcNow	Return the current timestamp as a string.

Workflow functions

These workflow functions can help you:

• Get details about a workflow instance at run time.
• Work with the inputs used for instantiating logic apps or flows.
• Reference the outputs from triggers and actions.

For example, you can reference the outputs from one action and use that data in a later action. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Workflow function	Task
action	Return the current action's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs. See also actions.
actions	Return an action's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs. See also action.
body	Return an action's body output at runtime.
formDataMultiValues	Create an array with the values that match a key name in form-data or form-encoded action outputs.
formDataValue	Return a single value that matches a key name in an action's form-data or form-encoded output.
item	If this function appears inside a repeating action over an array, return the current item in the array during the action's current iteration.
items	If this function appears inside a Foreach or Until loop, return the current item from the specified loop.
iterationIndexes	If this function appears inside an Until loop, return the index value for the current iteration. You can use this function inside nested Until loops.
listCallbackUrl	Return the "callback URL" that calls a trigger or action.
multipartBody	Return the body for a specific part in an action's output that has multiple parts.
outputs	Return an action's output at runtime.
parameters	Return the value for a parameter that is described in your workflow definition.
result	Return the inputs and outputs from the top-level actions inside the specified scoped action, such as For_each, Until, and Scope.
trigger	Return a trigger's output at runtime, or from other JSON name-and-value pairs. See also triggerOutputs and triggerBody.
triggerBody	Return a trigger's body output at runtime. See trigger.
triggerFormDataValue	Return a single value matching a key name in form-data or form-encoded trigger outputs.
triggerMultipartBody	Return the body for a specific part in a trigger's multipart output.
triggerFormDataMultiValues	Create an array whose values match a key name in form-data or form-encoded trigger outputs.
triggerOutputs	Return a trigger's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs. See trigger.
variables	Return the value for a specified variable.
workflow	Return all the details about the workflow itself during run time.

URI parsing functions

To work with uniform resource identifiers (URIs) and get various property values for these URIs, you can use these URI parsing functions. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

URI parsing function	Task
uriHost	Return the host value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).
uriPath	Return the path value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).
uriPathAndQuery	Return the path and query values for a uniform resource identifier (URI).
uriPort	Return the port value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).
uriQuery	Return the query value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).
uriScheme	Return the scheme value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

Manipulation functions: JSON & XML

To work with JSON objects and XML nodes, you can use these manipulation functions. For the full reference about each function, see the alphabetical list.

Manipulation function	Task
addProperty	Add a property and its value, or name-value pair, to a JSON object, and return the updated object.
coalesce	Return the first non-null value from one or more parameters.
removeProperty	Remove a property from a JSON object and return the updated object.
setProperty	Set the value for a JSON object's property and return the updated object.
xpath	Check XML for nodes or values that match an XPath (XML Path Language) expression, and return the matching nodes or values.

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All functions - alphabetical list

This section lists all the available functions in alphabetical order.

A

action

Return the current action's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs, which you can assign to an expression. By default, this function references the entire action object, but you can optionally specify a property whose value you want. See also actions().

You can use the action() function only in these places:

• The unsubscribe property for a webhook action so you can access the result from the original subscribe request
• The trackedProperties property for an action
• The do-until loop condition for an action

action()
action().outputs.body.<property>

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<property>	No	String	The name for the action object's property whose value you want: name, startTime, endTime, inputs, outputs, status, code, trackingId, and clientTrackingId. In the Azure portal, you can find these properties by reviewing a specific run history's details. For more information, see REST API - Workflow Run Actions.

Return value	Type	Description
<action-output>	String	The output from the current action or property

actions

Return an action's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs, which you can assign to an expression. By default, the function references the entire action object, but you can optionally specify a property whose value that you want. For shorthand versions, see body(). For the current action, see action().

actions('<actionName>')
actions('<actionName>').outputs.body.<property>

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The name for the action object whose output you want
<property>	No	String	The name for the action object's property whose value you want: name, startTime, endTime, inputs, outputs, status, code, trackingId, and clientTrackingId. In the Azure portal, you can find these properties by reviewing a specific run history's details. For more information, see REST API - Workflow Run Actions.

Return value	Type	Description
<action-output>	String	The output from the specified action or property

Example

This example gets the status property value from the X action Get user at runtime:

actions('Get_user').outputs.body.status

And returns this result: "Succeeded"

add

Return the result from adding two numbers.

add(<summand_1>, <summand_2>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<summand_1>, <summand_2>	Yes	Integer, Float, or mixed	The numbers to add

Return value	Type	Description
<result-sum>	Integer or Float	The result from adding the specified numbers

Example

This example adds the specified numbers:

add(1, 1.5)

And returns this result: 2.5

addDays

Add days to a timestamp.

addDays('<timestamp>', <days>, '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<days>	Yes	Integer	The positive or negative number of days to add
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp plus the specified number of days

Example 1

This example adds 10 days to the specified timestamp:

addDays('2018-03-15T00:00:00Z', 10)

And returns this result: "2018-03-25T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example subtracts five days from the specified timestamp:

addDays('2018-03-15T00:00:00Z', -5)

And returns this result: "2018-03-10T00:00:00.0000000Z"

addHours

Add hours to a timestamp.

addHours('<timestamp>', <hours>, '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<hours>	Yes	Integer	The positive or negative number of hours to add
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp plus the specified number of hours

Example 1

This example adds 10 hours to the specified timestamp:

addHours('2018-03-15T00:00:00Z', 10)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T10:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example subtracts five hours from the specified timestamp:

addHours('2018-03-15T15:00:00Z', -5)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T10:00:00.0000000Z"

addMinutes

Add minutes to a timestamp.

addMinutes('<timestamp>', <minutes>, '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<minutes>	Yes	Integer	The positive or negative number of minutes to add
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp plus the specified number of minutes

Example 1

This example adds 10 minutes to the specified timestamp:

addMinutes('2018-03-15T00:10:00Z', 10)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T00:20:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example subtracts five minutes from the specified timestamp:

addMinutes('2018-03-15T00:20:00Z', -5)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T00:15:00.0000000Z"

addProperty

Add a property and its value, or name-value pair, to a JSON object, and return the updated object. If the property already exists at runtime, the function fails and throws an error.

addProperty(<object>, '<property>', <value>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object where you want to add a property
<property>	Yes	String	The name for the property to add
<value>	Yes	Any	The value for the property

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-object>	Object	The updated JSON object with the specified property

To add a parent property to an existing property, use the setProperty() function, not the addProperty() function. Otherwise, the function returns only the child object as output.

setProperty(<object>, '<parent-property>', addProperty(<object>['<parent-property>'], '<child-property>', <value>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object where you want to add a property
<parent-property>	Yes	String	The name for parent property where you want to add the child property
<child-property>	Yes	String	The name for the child property to add
<value>	Yes	Any	The value to set for the specified property

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-object>	Object	The updated JSON object whose property you set

Example 1

This example adds the middleName property to a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function. The object already includes the firstName and surName properties. The function assigns the specified value to the new property and returns the updated object:

addProperty(json('{ "firstName": "Sophia", "lastName": "Owen" }'), 'middleName', 'Anne')

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "surName": "Owen"
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "middleName": "Anne",
   "surName": "Owen"
}

Example 2

This example adds the middleName child property to the existing customerName property in a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function. The function assigns the specified value to the new property and returns the updated object:

setProperty(json('{ "customerName": { "firstName": "Sophia", "surName": "Owen" } }'), 'customerName', addProperty(json('{ "customerName": { "firstName": "Sophia", "surName": "Owen" } }')['customerName'], 'middleName', 'Anne'))

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophia",
      "surName": "Owen"
   }
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophia",
      "middleName": "Anne",
      "surName": "Owen"
   }
}

addSeconds

Add seconds to a timestamp.

addSeconds('<timestamp>', <seconds>, '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<seconds>	Yes	Integer	The positive or negative number of seconds to add
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp plus the specified number of seconds

Example 1

This example adds 10 seconds to the specified timestamp:

addSeconds('2018-03-15T00:00:00Z', 10)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T00:00:10.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example subtracts five seconds to the specified timestamp:

addSeconds('2018-03-15T00:00:30Z', -5)

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T00:00:25.0000000Z"

addToTime

Add the specified time units to a timestamp. See also getFutureTime().

addToTime('<timestamp>', <interval>, '<timeUnit>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<interval>	Yes	Integer	The number of specified time units to add
<timeUnit>	Yes	String	The unit of time to use with interval: "Second", "Minute", "Hour", "Day", "Week", "Month", "Year"
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp plus the specified number of time units

Example 1

This example adds one day to the specified timestamp:

addToTime('2018-01-01T00:00:00Z', 1, 'Day')

And returns this result: "2018-01-02T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example adds one day to the specified timestamp:

addToTime('2018-01-01T00:00:00Z', 1, 'Day', 'D')

And returns the result using the optional "D" format: "Tuesday, January 2, 2018"

and

Check whether all expressions are true. Return true when all expressions are true, or return false when at least one expression is false.

and(<expression1>, <expression2>, ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<expression1>, <expression2>, ...	Yes	Boolean	The expressions to check

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when all expressions are true. Return false when at least one expression is false.

Example 1

These examples check whether the specified Boolean values are all true:

and(true, true)
and(false, true)
and(false, false)

And returns these results:

• First example: Both expressions are true, so returns true.
• Second example: One expression is false, so returns false.
• Third example: Both expressions are false, so returns false.

Example 2

These examples check whether the specified expressions are all true:

and(equals(1, 1), equals(2, 2))
and(equals(1, 1), equals(1, 2))
and(equals(1, 2), equals(1, 3))

And returns these results:

• First example: Both expressions are true, so returns true.
• Second example: One expression is false, so returns false.
• Third example: Both expressions are false, so returns false.

array

Return an array from a single specified input. For multiple inputs, see createArray().

array('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string for creating an array

Return value	Type	Description
[<value>]	Array	An array that contains the single specified input

Example

This example creates an array from the "hello" string:

array('hello')

And returns this result: ["hello"]

B

base64

Return the base64-encoded version for a string.

base64('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The input string

Return value	Type	Description
<base64-string>	String	The base64-encoded version for the input string

Example

This example converts the "hello" string to a base64-encoded string:

base64('hello')

And returns this result: "aGVsbG8="

base64ToBinary

Return the binary version for a base64-encoded string.

base64ToBinary('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The base64-encoded string to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<binary-for-base64-string>	String	The binary version for the base64-encoded string

Example

This example converts the "aGVsbG8=" base64-encoded string to a binary string:

base64ToBinary('aGVsbG8=')

For example, suppose you're using an HTTP action to send a request. You can use base64ToBinary() to convert a base64-encoded string to binary data and send that data using the application/octet-stream content type in the request.

base64ToString

Return the string version for a base64-encoded string, effectively decoding the base64 string. Use this function rather than decodeBase64(), which is deprecated.

base64ToString('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The base64-encoded string to decode

Return value	Type	Description
<decoded-base64-string>	String	The string version for a base64-encoded string

Example

This example converts the "aGVsbG8=" base64-encoded string to just a string:

base64ToString('aGVsbG8=')

And returns this result: "hello"

binary

Return the base64-encoded binary version of a string.

binary('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<binary-for-input-value>	String	The base64-encoded binary version for the specified string

Example

For example, you're using an HTTP action that returns an image or video file. You can use binary() to convert the value to a base-64 encoded content envelope model. Then, you can reuse the content envelope in other actions, such as Compose. You can use this function expression to send the string bytes with the application/octet-stream content type in the request.

body

Return an action's body output at runtime. Shorthand for actions('<actionName>').outputs.body. See actions().

body('<actionName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The name for the action's body output that you want

Return value	Type	Description
<action-body-output>	String	The body output from the specified action

Example

This example gets the body output from the Get user X action:

body('Get_user')

And returns this result:

"body": {
    "FullName": "Contoso Corporation",
    "Location": "Generic Town, USA",
    "Id": 283541717,
    "UserName": "ContosoInc",
    "FollowersCount": 172,
    "Description": "Leading the way in transforming the digital workplace.",
    "StatusesCount": 93,
    "FriendsCount": 126,
    "FavouritesCount": 46,
    "ProfileImageUrl": "https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/908820389907722240/gG9zaHcd_400x400.jpg"
}

bool

Return the Boolean version of a value.

bool(<value>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Any	The value to convert to Boolean.

If you're using bool() with an object, the value of the object must be a string or integer that can be converted to Boolean.

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	The Boolean version of the specified value.

Outputs

These examples show the different supported types of input for bool():

Input value	Type	Return value
bool(1)	Integer	true
bool(0)	Integer	false
bool(-1)	Integer	true
bool('true')	String	true
bool('false')	String	false

C

chunk

Split a string or array into chunks of equal length.

chunk('<collection>', '<length>')
chunk([<collection>], '<length>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String or Array	The collection to split
<length>	Yes	The length of each chunk

Return value	Type	Description
<collection>	Array	An array of chunks with the specified length

Example 1

This example splits a string into chunks of length 10:

chunk('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', 10)

And returns this result: ['abcdefghij', 'klmnopqrst', 'uvwxyz']

Example 2

This example splits an array into chunks of length 5.

chunk(createArray(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12), 5)

And returns this result: [ [1,2,3,4,5], [6,7,8,9,10], [11,12] ]

coalesce

Return the first non-null value from one or more parameters. Empty strings, empty arrays, and empty objects aren't null.

coalesce(<object_1>, <object_2>, ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object_1>, <object_2>, ...	Yes	Any, can mix types	One or more items to check for null

Return value	Type	Description
<first-non-null-item>	Any	The first item or value that isn't null. If all parameters are null, this function returns null.

Example

These examples return the first non-null value from the specified values, or null when all the values are null:

coalesce(null, true, false)
coalesce(null, 'hello', 'world')
coalesce(null, null, null)

And returns these results:

• First example: true
• Second example: "hello"
• Third example: null

concat

Combine two or more strings, and return the combined string.

concat('<text1>', '<text2>', ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text1>, <text2>, ...	Yes	String	At least two strings to combine

Return value	Type	Description
<text1text2...>	String	The string created from the combined input strings. Note: The length of the result must not exceed 104,857,600 characters.

Example

This example combines the strings "Hello" and "World":

concat('Hello', 'World')

And returns this result: "HelloWorld"

contains

Check whether a collection has a specific item. Return true when the item is found, or return false when not found. This function is case-sensitive.

contains('<collection>', '<value>')
contains([<collection>], '<value>')

Specifically, this function works on these collection types:

• A string to find a substring
• An array to find a value
• A dictionary to find a key

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String, Array, or Dictionary	The collection to check
<value>	Yes	String, Array, or Dictionary, respectively	The item to find

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the item is found. Return false when not found.

Example 1

This example checks the string "hello world" for the substring "world" and returns true:

contains('hello world', 'world')

Example 2

This example checks the string "hello world" for the substring "universe" and returns false:

contains('hello world', 'universe')

convertFromUtc

Convert a timestamp from Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) to the target time zone.

convertFromUtc('<timestamp>', '<destinationTimeZone>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<destinationTimeZone>	Yes	String	The name for the target time zone. For time zone names, review Microsoft Windows Default Time Zones.
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<converted-timestamp>	String	The timestamp converted to the target time zone without the timezone UTC offset.

Example 1

This example converts a timestamp to the specified time zone:

convertFromUtc('2018-01-01T08:00:00.0000000Z', 'Pacific Standard Time')

And returns this result: "2018-01-01T00:00:00.0000000"

Example 2

This example converts a timestamp to the specified time zone and format:

convertFromUtc('2018-01-01T08:00:00.0000000Z', 'Pacific Standard Time', 'D')

And returns this result: "Monday, January 1, 2018"

convertTimeZone

Convert a timestamp from the source time zone to the target time zone.

convertTimeZone('<timestamp>', '<sourceTimeZone>', '<destinationTimeZone>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<sourceTimeZone>	Yes	String	The name for the source time zone. For time zone names, see Microsoft Windows Default Time Zones, but you might have to remove any punctuation from the time zone name.
<destinationTimeZone>	Yes	String	The name for the target time zone. For time zone names, see Microsoft Windows Default Time Zones, but you might have to remove any punctuation from the time zone name.
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<converted-timestamp>	String	The timestamp converted to the target time zone

Example 1

This example converts the source time zone to the target time zone:

convertTimeZone('2018-01-01T08:00:00.0000000Z', 'UTC', 'Pacific Standard Time')

And returns this result: "2018-01-01T00:00:00.0000000"

Example 2

This example converts a time zone to the specified time zone and format:

convertTimeZone('2018-01-01T80:00:00.0000000Z', 'UTC', 'Pacific Standard Time', 'D')

And returns this result: "Monday, January 1, 2018"

convertToUtc

Convert a timestamp from the source time zone to Universal Time Coordinated (UTC).

convertToUtc('<timestamp>', '<sourceTimeZone>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<sourceTimeZone>	Yes	String	The name for the source time zone. For time zone names, see Microsoft Windows Default Time Zones, but you might have to remove any punctuation from the time zone name.
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<converted-timestamp>	String	The timestamp converted to UTC

Example 1

This example converts a timestamp to UTC:

convertToUtc('01/01/2018 00:00:00', 'Pacific Standard Time')

And returns this result: "2018-01-01T08:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example converts a timestamp to UTC:

convertToUtc('01/01/2018 00:00:00', 'Pacific Standard Time', 'D')

And returns this result: "Monday, January 1, 2018"

createArray

Return an array from multiple inputs. For single input arrays, see array().

createArray('<object1>', '<object2>', ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object1>, <object2>, ...	Yes	Any, but not mixed	At least two items to create the array

Return value	Type	Description
[<object1>, <object2>, ...]	Array	The array created from all the input items

Example

This example creates an array from these inputs:

createArray('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')

And returns this result: ["h", "e", "l", "l", "o"]

D

dataUri

Return a data uniform resource identifier (URI) for a string.

dataUri('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<data-uri>	String	The data URI for the input string

Example

This example creates a data URI for the "hello" string:

dataUri('hello')

And returns this result: "data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,aGVsbG8="

dataUriToBinary

Return the binary version for a data uniform resource identifier (URI). Use this function rather than decodeDataUri(). Although both functions work the same way, dataUriBinary() is preferred.

dataUriToBinary('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The data URI to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<binary-for-data-uri>	String	The binary version for the data URI

Example

This example creates a binary version for this data URI:

dataUriToBinary('data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,aGVsbG8=')

And returns this result:

"01100100011000010111010001100001001110100111010001100101011110000111010000101111011100000 1101100011000010110100101101110001110110110001101101000011000010111001001110011011001010111 0100001111010111010101110100011001100010110100111000001110110110001001100001011100110110010 10011011000110100001011000110000101000111010101100111001101100010010001110011100000111101"

dataUriToString

Return the string version for a data uniform resource identifier (URI).

dataUriToString('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The data URI to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<string-for-data-uri>	String	The string version for the data URI

Example

This example creates a string for this data URI:

dataUriToString('data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,aGVsbG8=')

And returns this result: "hello"

dateDifference

Return the difference between two timestamps as a timespan. This function subtracts startDate from endDate, and returns the result as timestamp in string format.

dateDifference('<startDate>', '<endDate>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<startDate>	Yes	String	A string that contains a timestamp
<endDate>	Yes	String	A string that contains a timestamp

Return value	Type	Description
<timespan>	String	The difference between the two timestamps, which is a timestamp in string format. If startDate is more recent than endDate, the result is a negative value.

Example

This example subtracts the first value from the second value:

dateDifference('2015-02-08', '2018-07-30')

And returns this result: "1268.00:00:00"

dayOfMonth

Return the day of the month from a timestamp.

dayOfMonth('<timestamp>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp

Return value	Type	Description
<day-of-month>	Integer	The day of the month from the specified timestamp

Example

This example returns the number for the day of the month from this timestamp:

dayOfMonth('2018-03-15T13:27:36Z')

And returns this result: 15

dayOfWeek

Return the day of the week from a timestamp.

dayOfWeek('<timestamp>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp

Return value	Type	Description
<day-of-week>	Integer	The day of the week from the specified timestamp where Sunday is 0, Monday is 1, and so on

Example

This example returns the number for the day of the week from this timestamp:

dayOfWeek('2018-03-15T13:27:36Z')

And returns this result: 4

dayOfYear

Return the day of the year from a timestamp.

dayOfYear('<timestamp>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp

Return value	Type	Description
<day-of-year>	Integer	The day of the year from the specified timestamp

Example

This example returns the number of the day of the year from this timestamp:

dayOfYear('2018-03-15T13:27:36Z')

And returns this result: 74

decimal

Returns a decimal number in a string as a decimal number. You can use this function when you're working with data that requires decimal precision and also as input for logical comparison functions and math functions. To capture and preserve precision when you use the result from the decimal() function, wrap any decimal output with the string function. This usage is shown in the following examples below where you can lose precision if you use the decimal result as a number.

decimal('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The decimal number in a string

Return value	Type	Description
<decimal>	Decimal Number	The decimal number for the input string

Example 1

This example creates a decimal that's used as a number:

decimal('1.2345678912312131') // Returns 1.234567891231213.

Example 2

This example creates a decimal and then converts the result to a string for precision preservation:

string(decimal('1.2345678912312131')) // Returns "1.2345678912312131".

Example 3

This example uses a math function on two decimal numbers and uses the result as a number:

add(decimal('1.2345678912312131'), decimal('1.2345678912312131')) // Returns 2.469135782462426.

Example 4

This example uses a math function on two decimal numbers and converts the result to a string for precision preservation:

string(add(decimal('1.2345678912312131'), decimal('1.2345678912312131'))) // Returns "2.4691357824624262".

decodeBase64 (deprecated)

This function is deprecated, so use base64ToString() instead.

decodeDataUri

Return the binary version for a data uniform resource identifier (URI). Consider using dataUriToBinary(), rather than decodeDataUri(). Although both functions work the same way, dataUriToBinary() is preferred.

decodeDataUri('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The data URI string to decode

Return value	Type	Description
<binary-for-data-uri>	String	The binary version for a data URI string

Example

This example returns the binary version for this data URI:

decodeDataUri('data:text/plain;charset=utf-8;base64,aGVsbG8=')

And returns this result:

"01100100011000010111010001100001001110100111010001100101011110000111010000101111011100000 1101100011000010110100101101110001110110110001101101000011000010111001001110011011001010111 0100001111010111010101110100011001100010110100111000001110110110001001100001011100110110010 10011011000110100001011000110000101000111010101100111001101100010010001110011100000111101"

decodeUriComponent

Return a string that replaces escape characters with decoded versions.

decodeUriComponent('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string with the escape characters to decode

Return value	Type	Description
<decoded-uri>	String	The updated string with the decoded escape characters

Example

This example replaces the escape characters in this string with decoded versions:

decodeUriComponent('https%3A%2F%2Fcontoso.com')

And returns this result: "https://contoso.com"

div

Return the result from dividing two numbers. To get the remainder result, see mod().

div(<dividend>, <divisor>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<dividend>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number to divide by the divisor
<divisor>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number that divides the dividend, but can't be zero

Return value	Type	Description
<quotient-result>	Integer or Float	The result from dividing the first number by the second number. If either the dividend or divisor has Float type, the result has Float type. Note: To convert the float result to an integer, try creating and calling a function in Azure from your logic app.

Example 1

Both examples return this value with Integer type: 2

div(10,5)
div(11,5)

Example 2

Both examples return this value with Float type: 2.2

div(11,5.0)
div(11.0,5)

E

encodeUriComponent

Return a uniform resource identifier (URI) encoded version for a string by replacing URL-unsafe characters with escape characters. Consider using uriComponent(), rather than encodeUriComponent(). Although both functions work the same way, uriComponent() is preferred.

encodeUriComponent('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string to convert to URI-encoded format

Return value	Type	Description
<encoded-uri>	String	The URI-encoded string with escape characters

Example

This example creates a URI-encoded version for this string:

encodeUriComponent('https://contoso.com')

And returns this result: "https%3A%2F%2Fcontoso.com"

empty

Check whether a collection is empty. Return true when the collection is empty, or return false when not empty.

empty('<collection>')
empty([<collection>])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String, Array, or Object	The collection to check

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the collection is empty. Return false when not empty.

Example

These examples check whether the specified collections are empty:

empty('')
empty('abc')

And returns these results:

• First example: Passes an empty string, so the function returns true.
• Second example: Passes the string "abc", so the function returns false.

endsWith

Check whether a string ends with a specific substring. Return true when the substring is found, or return false when not found. This function isn't case-sensitive.

endsWith('<text>', '<searchText>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string to check
<searchText>	Yes	String	The ending substring to find

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the ending substring is found. Return false when not found.

Example 1

This example checks whether the "hello world" string ends with the "world" string:

endsWith('hello world', 'world')

And returns this result: true

Example 2

This example checks whether the "hello world" string ends with the "universe" string:

endsWith('hello world', 'universe')

And returns this result: false

equals

Check whether both values, expressions, or objects are equivalent. Return true when both are equivalent, or return false when they're not equivalent.

equals('<object1>', '<object2>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object1>, <object2>	Yes	Various	The values, expressions, or objects to compare

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when both are equivalent. Return false when not equivalent.

Example

These examples check whether the specified inputs are equivalent.

equals(true, 1)
equals('abc', 'abcd')

And returns these results:

• First example: Both values are equivalent, so the function returns true.
• Second example: Both values aren't equivalent, so the function returns false.

F

first

Return the first item from a string or array.

first('<collection>')
first([<collection>])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String or Array	The collection where to find the first item

Return value	Type	Description
<first-collection-item>	Any	The first item in the collection

Example

These examples find the first item in these collections:

first('hello')
first(createArray(0, 1, 2))

And return these results:

• First example: "h"
• Second example: 0

float

Convert a string version for a floating-point number to an actual floating point number. You can use this function only when passing custom parameters to an app, for example, a logic app workflow or Power Automate flow. To convert floating-point strings represented in locale-specific formats, you can optionally specify an RFC 4646 locale code.

float('<value>', '<locale>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string that has a valid floating-point number to convert. The minimum and maximum values are the same as the limits for the float data type.
<locale>	No	String	The RFC 4646 locale code to use. If not specified, default locale is used. If locale isn't a valid value, an error is generated that the provided locale isn't valid or doesn't have an associated locale.

Return value	Type	Description
<float-value>	Float	The floating-point number for the specified string. The minimum and maximum values are the same as the limits for the float data type.

Example 1

This example creates a string version for this floating-point number:

float('10,000.333')

And returns this result: 10000.333

Example 2

This example creates a string version for this German-style floating-point number:

float('10.000,333', 'de-DE')

And returns this result: 10000.333

formatDateTime

Return a timestamp in the specified format.

formatDateTime('<timestamp>', '<format>'?, '<locale>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information.
<locale>	No	String	The locale to use. If unspecified, the value is en-us. If locale isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<reformatted-timestamp>	String	The updated timestamp in the specified format and locale, if specified.

Examples

formatDateTime('03/15/2018') // Returns '2018-03-15T00:00:00.0000000'.
formatDateTime('03/15/2018 12:00:00', 'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss') // Returns '2018-03-15T12:00:00'.
formatDateTime('01/31/2016', 'dddd MMMM d') // Returns 'Sunday January 31'.
formatDateTime('01/31/2016', 'dddd MMMM d', 'fr-fr') // Returns 'dimanche janvier 31'.
formatDateTime('01/31/2016', 'dddd MMMM d', 'fr-FR') // Returns 'dimanche janvier 31'.
formatDateTime('01/31/2016', 'dddd MMMM d', 'es-es') // Returns 'domingo enero 31'.

formDataMultiValues

Return an array with values that match a key name in an action's form-data or form-encoded output.

formDataMultiValues('<actionName>', '<key>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The action whose output has the key value you want
<key>	Yes	String	The name for the key whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
[<array-with-key-values>]	Array	An array with all the values that match the specified key

Example

This example creates an array from the "Subject" key's value in the specified action's form-data or form-encoded output:

formDataMultiValues('Send_an_email', 'Subject')

And returns the subject text in an array, for example: ["Hello world"]

formDataValue

Return a single value that matches a key name in an action's form-data or form-encoded output. If the function finds more than one match, the function throws an error.

formDataValue('<actionName>', '<key>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The action whose output has the key value you want
<key>	Yes	String	The name for the key whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<key-value>	String	The value in the specified key

Example

This example creates a string from the "Subject" key's value in the specified action's form-data or form-encoded output:

formDataValue('Send_an_email', 'Subject')

And returns the subject text as a string, for example: "Hello world"

formatNumber

Return a number as a string that's based on the specified format.

formatNumber(<number>, <format>, <locale>?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<number>	Yes	Integer or Double	The value that you want to format.
<format>	Yes	String	A composite format string that specifies the format that you want to use. For the supported numeric format strings, see Standard numeric format strings, which are supported by number.ToString(<format>, <locale>).
<locale>	No	String	The locale to use as supported by number.ToString(<format>, <locale>). If unspecified, the value is en-us. If locale isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<formatted-number>	String	The specified number as a string in the format that you specified. You can cast this return value to an int or float.

Example 1

Suppose that you want to format the number 1234567890. This example formats that number as the string "1,234,567,890.00".

formatNumber(1234567890, '0,0.00', 'en-us')

*Example 2"

Suppose that you want to format the number 1234567890. This example formats the number to the string "1.234.567.890,00".

formatNumber(1234567890, '0,0.00', 'is-is')

Example 3

Suppose that you want to format the number 17.35. This example formats the number to the string "$17.35".

formatNumber(17.35, 'C2')

Example 4

Suppose that you want to format the number 17.35. This example formats the number to the string "17,35 kr".

formatNumber(17.35, 'C2', 'is-is')

G

getFutureTime

Return the current timestamp plus the specified time units.

getFutureTime(<interval>, <timeUnit>, <format>?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<interval>	Yes	Integer	The number of time units to add
<timeUnit>	Yes	String	The unit of time to use with interval: "Second", "Minute", "Hour", "Day", "Week", "Month", "Year"
<format>	No	String	Either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated that the provided format isn't valid and must be a numeric format string.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The current timestamp plus the specified number of time units

Example 1

Suppose the current timestamp is "2018-03-01T00:00:00.0000000Z". This example adds five days to that timestamp:

getFutureTime(5, 'Day')

And returns this result: "2018-03-06T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

Suppose the current timestamp is "2018-03-01T00:00:00.0000000Z". This example adds five days and converts the result to "D" format:

getFutureTime(5, 'Day', 'D')

And returns this result: "Tuesday, March 6, 2018"

getPastTime

Return the current timestamp minus the specified time units.

getPastTime(<interval>, <timeUnit>, <format>?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<interval>	Yes	Integer	The number of specified time units to subtract
<timeUnit>	Yes	String	The unit of time to use with interval: "Second", "Minute", "Hour", "Day", "Week", "Month", "Year"
<format>	No	String	Either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated that the provided format isn't valid and must be a numeric format string.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The current timestamp minus the specified number of time units

Example 1

Suppose the current timestamp is "2018-02-01T00:00:00.0000000Z". This example subtracts five days from that timestamp:

getPastTime(5, 'Day')

And returns this result: "2018-01-27T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

Suppose the current timestamp is "2018-02-01T00:00:00.0000000Z". This example subtracts five days and converts the result to "D" format:

getPastTime(5, 'Day', 'D')

And returns this result: "Saturday, January 27, 2018"

greater

Check whether the first value is greater than the second value. Return true when the first value is more, or return false when less.

greater(<value>, <compareTo>)
greater('<value>', '<compareTo>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String	The first value to check whether greater than the second value
<compareTo>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String, respectively	The comparison value

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the first value is greater than the second value. Return false when the first value is equal to or less than the second value.

Example

These examples check whether the first value is greater than the second value:

greater(10, 5)
greater('apple', 'banana')

And return these results:

• First example: true
• Second example: false

greaterOrEquals

Check whether the first value is greater than or equal to the second value. Return true when the first value is greater or equal, or return false when the first value is less.

greaterOrEquals(<value>, <compareTo>)
greaterOrEquals('<value>', '<compareTo>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String	The first value to check whether greater than or equal to the second value
<compareTo>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String, respectively	The comparison value

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the first value is greater than or equal to the second value. Return false when the first value is less than the second value.

Example

These examples check whether the first value is greater or equal than the second value:

greaterOrEquals(5, 5)
greaterOrEquals('apple', 'banana')

And return these results:

• First example: true
• Second example: false

guid

Generate a globally unique identifier (GUID) as a string, for example, "c2ecc88d-88c8-4096-912c-d6f2e2b138ce":

guid()

Also, you can specify a different format for the GUID other than the default format, "D", which is 32 digits separated by hyphens.

guid('<format>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<format>	No	String	A single format specifier for the returned GUID. By default, the format is "D", but you can use "N", "D", "B", "P", or "X".

Return value	Type	Description
<GUID-value>	String	A randomly generated GUID

Example

This example generates the same GUID, but as 32 digits, separated by hyphens, and enclosed in parentheses:

guid('P')

And returns this result: "(c2ecc88d-88c8-4096-912c-d6f2e2b138ce)"

I

if

Check whether an expression is true or false. Based on the result, return a specified value. Parameters are evaluated from left to right.

if(<expression>, <valueIfTrue>, <valueIfFalse>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<expression>	Yes	Boolean	The expression to check
<valueIfTrue>	Yes	Any	The value to return when the expression is true
<valueIfFalse>	Yes	Any	The value to return when the expression is false

Return value	Type	Description
<specified-return-value>	Any	The specified value that returns based on whether the expression is true or false

Example

This example returns "yes" because the specified expression returns true. Otherwise, the example returns "no":

if(equals(1, 1), 'yes', 'no')

indexOf

Return the starting position or index value for a substring. This function isn't case-sensitive, and indexes start with the number 0.

indexOf('<text>', '<searchText>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that has the substring to find
<searchText>	Yes	String	The substring to find

Return value	Type	Description
<index-value>	Integer	The starting position or index value for the specified substring. If the string isn't found, return the number -1.

Example

This example finds the starting index value for the "world" substring in the "hello world" string:

indexOf('hello world', 'world')

And returns this result: 6

int

Convert the string version for an integer to an actual integer number.

int('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string version for the integer to convert. The minimum and maximum values are the same as the limits for the integer data type.

Return value	Type	Description
<integer-result>	Integer	The integer version for the specified string. The minimum and maximum values are the same as the limits for the integer data type.

Example

This example creates an integer version for the string "10":

int('10')

And returns this result: 10

isFloat

Return a boolean indicating whether a string is a floating-point number. By default, this function uses the invariant culture for the floating-point format. To identify floating-point numbers represented in other locale-specific formats, you can optionally specify an RFC 4646 locale code.

isFloat('<string>', '<locale>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string to examine
<locale>	No	String	The RFC 4646 locale code to use

Return value	Type	Description
<boolean-result>	Boolean	A boolean that indicates whether the string is a floating-point number

Example 1

This example checks whether a string is a floating-point number in the invariant culture:

isFloat('10,000.00')

And returns this result: true

Example 2

This example checks whether a string is a floating-point number in the German locale:

isFloat('10.000,00', 'de-DE')

And returns this result: true

isInt

Return a boolean that indicates whether a string is an integer.

isInt('<string>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<string>	Yes	String	The string to examine

Return value	Type	Description
<boolean-result>	Boolean	A boolean that indicates whether the string is an integer

Example

This example checks whether a string is an integer:

isInt('10')

And returns this result: true

item

When used inside a repeating action over an array, return the current item in the array during the action's current iteration. You can also get the values from that item's properties.

item()

Return value	Type	Description
<current-array-item>	Any	The current item in the array for the action's current iteration

Example

This example gets the body element from the current message for the "Send_an_email" action inside a for-each loop's current iteration:

item().body

items

Return the current item from each cycle in a for-each loop. Use this function inside the for-each loop.

items('<loopName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<loopName>	Yes	String	The name for the for-each loop

Return value	Type	Description
<item>	Any	The item from the current cycle in the specified for-each loop

Example

This example gets the current item from the specified for-each loop:

items('myForEachLoopName')

iterationIndexes

Return the index value for the current iteration inside an Until loop. You can use this function inside nested Until loops.

iterationIndexes('<loopName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<loopName>	Yes	String	The name for the Until loop

Return value	Type	Description
<index>	Integer	The index value for the current iteration inside the specified Until loop

Example

This example creates a counter variable and increments that variable by one during each iteration in an Until loop until the counter value reaches five. The example also creates a variable that tracks the current index for each iteration. During each iteration in the Until loop, the example increments the counter value and then assigns the counter value to the current index value and then increments the counter value. While in the loop, this example references the current iteration index by using the iterationIndexes function:

iterationIndexes('Until_Max_Increment')

{
   "actions": {
      "Create_counter_variable": {
         "type": "InitializeVariable",
         "inputs": {
            "variables": [ 
               {
                  "name": "myCounter",
                  "type": "Integer",
                  "value": 0
               }
            ]
         },
         "runAfter": {}
      },
      "Create_current_index_variable": {
         "type": "InitializeVariable",
         "inputs": {
            "variables": [
               {
                  "name": "myCurrentLoopIndex",
                  "type": "Integer",
                  "value": 0
               }
            ]
         },
         "runAfter": {
            "Create_counter_variable": [ "Succeeded" ]
         }
      },
      "Until_Max_Increment": {
         "type": "Until",
         "actions": {
            "Assign_current_index_to_counter": {
               "type": "SetVariable",
               "inputs": {
                  "name": "myCurrentLoopIndex",
                  "value": "@variables('myCounter')"
               },
               "runAfter": {
                  "Increment_variable": [ "Succeeded" ]
               }
            },
            "Compose": {
               "inputs": "'Current index: ' @{iterationIndexes('Until_Max_Increment')}",
               "runAfter": {
                  "Assign_current_index_to_counter": [
                     "Succeeded"
                    ]
                },
                "type": "Compose"
            },           
            "Increment_variable": {
               "type": "IncrementVariable",
               "inputs": {
                  "name": "myCounter",
                  "value": 1
               },
               "runAfter": {}
            }
         },
         "expression": "@equals(variables('myCounter'), 5)",
         "limit": {
            "count": 60,
            "timeout": "PT1H"
         },
         "runAfter": {
            "Create_current_index_variable": [ "Succeeded" ]
         }
      }
   }
}

J

json

Return the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) type value, object, or array of objects for a string or XML.

json('<value>')
json(xml('value'))

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String or XML	The string or XML to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<JSON-result>	JSON native type, object, or array	The JSON native type value, object, or array of objects from the input string or XML. - If you pass in XML that has a single child element in the root element, the function returns a single JSON object for that child element. - If you pass in XML that has multiple child elements in the root element, the function returns an array that contains JSON objects for those child elements. - If the string is null, the function returns an empty object.

Example 1

This example converts this string into a JSON value:

json('[1, 2, 3]')

And returns this result: [1, 2, 3]

Example 2

This example converts this string into JSON:

json('{"fullName": "Sophia Owen"}')

And returns this result:

{
  "fullName": "Sophia Owen"
}

Example 3

This example uses the json() and xml() functions to convert XML that has a single child element in the root element into a JSON object named person for that child element:

json(xml('<?xml version="1.0"?> <root> <person id="1"> <name>Sophia Owen</name> <occupation>Engineer</occupation> </person> </root>'))

And returns this result:

{
   "?xml": { 
      "@version": "1.0" 
   },
   "root": {
      "person": {
         "@id": "1",
         "name": "Sophia Owen",
         "occupation": "Engineer"
      }
   }
}

Example 4

This example uses the json() and xml() functions to convert XML that has multiple child elements in the root element into an array named person that contains JSON objects for those child elements:

json(xml('<?xml version="1.0"?> <root> <person id="1"> <name>Sophia Owen</name> <occupation>Engineer</occupation> </person> <person id="2"> <name>John Doe</name> <occupation>Engineer</occupation> </person> </root>'))

And returns this result:

{
   "?xml": {
      "@version": "1.0"
   },
   "root": {
      "person": [
         {
            "@id": "1",
            "name": "Sophia Owen",
            "occupation": "Engineer"
         },
         {
            "@id": "2",
            "name": "John Doe",
            "occupation": "Engineer"
         }
      ]
   }
}

intersection

Return a collection that has only the common items across the specified collections. To appear in the result, an item must appear in all the collections passed to this function. If one or more items have the same name, the last item with that name appears in the result.

intersection([<collection1>], [<collection2>], ...)
intersection('<collection1>', '<collection2>', ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection1>, <collection2>, ...	Yes	Array or Object, but not both	The collections from where you want only the common items

Return value	Type	Description
<common-items>	Array or Object, respectively	A collection that has only the common items across the specified collections

Example

This example finds the common items across these arrays:

intersection(createArray(1, 2, 3), createArray(101, 2, 1, 10), createArray(6, 8, 1, 2))

And returns an array with only these items: [1, 2]

join

Return a string that has all the items from an array and has each character separated by a delimiter.

join([<collection>], '<delimiter>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	Array	The array that has the items to join
<delimiter>	Yes	String	The separator that appears between each character in the resulting string

Return value	Type	Description
<char1><delimiter><char2><delimiter>...	String	The resulting string created from all the items in the specified array. Note: The length of the result must not exceed 104,857,600 characters.

Example

This example creates a string from all the items in this array with the specified character as the delimiter:

join(createArray('a', 'b', 'c'), '.')

And returns this result: "a.b.c"

L

last

Return the last item from a collection.

last('<collection>')
last([<collection>])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String or Array	The collection where to find the last item

Return value	Type	Description
<last-collection-item>	String or Array, respectively	The last item in the collection

Example

These examples find the last item in these collections:

last('abcd')
last(createArray(0, 1, 2, 3))

And returns these results:

• First example: "d"
• Second example: 3

lastIndexOf

Return the starting position or index value for the last occurrence of a substring. This function isn't case-sensitive, and indexes start with the number 0.

lastIndexOf('<text>', '<searchText>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that has the substring to find
<searchText>	Yes	String	The substring to find

Return value	Type	Description
<ending-index-value>	Integer	The starting position or index value for the last occurrence of the specified substring.

If the string or substring value is empty, the following behavior occurs:

• If only the string value is empty, the function returns -1.

• If the string and substring values are both empty, the function returns 0.

• If only the substring value is empty, the function returns the string length minus 1.

Examples

This example finds the starting index value for the last occurrence of the substring world substring in the string hello world hello world. The returned result is 18:

lastIndexOf('hello world hello world', 'world')

This example is missing the substring parameter, and returns a value of 22 because the value of the input string (23) minus 1 is greater than 0.

lastIndexOf('hello world hello world', '')

length

Return the number of items in a collection.

length('<collection>')
length([<collection>])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String or Array	The collection with the items to count

Return value	Type	Description
<length-or-count>	Integer	The number of items in the collection

Example

These examples count the number of items in these collections:

length('abcd')
length(createArray(0, 1, 2, 3))

And return this result: 4

less

Check whether the first value is less than the second value. Return true when the first value is less, or return false when the first value is more.

less(<value>, <compareTo>)
less('<value>', '<compareTo>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String	The first value to check whether less than the second value
<compareTo>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String, respectively	The comparison item

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the first value is less than the second value. Return false when the first value is equal to or greater than the second value.

Example

These examples check whether the first value is less than the second value.

less(5, 10)
less('banana', 'apple')

And return these results:

• First example: true
• Second example: false

lessOrEquals

Check whether the first value is less than or equal to the second value. Return true when the first value is less than or equal, or return false when the first value is more.

lessOrEquals(<value>, <compareTo>)
lessOrEquals('<value>', '<compareTo>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String	The first value to check whether less than or equal to the second value
<compareTo>	Yes	Integer, Float, or String, respectively	The comparison item

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the first value is less than or equal to the second value. Return false when the first value is greater than the second value.

Example

These examples check whether the first value is less or equal than the second value.

lessOrEquals(10, 10)
lessOrEquals('apply', 'apple')

And return these results:

• First example: true
• Second example: false

listCallbackUrl

Return the "callback URL" that calls a trigger or action. This function works only with triggers and actions for the HttpWebhook and ApiConnectionWebhook connector types, but not the Manual, Recurrence, HTTP, and APIConnection types.

listCallbackUrl()

Return value	Type	Description
<callback-URL>	String	The callback URL for a trigger or action

Example

This example shows a sample callback URL that this function might return:

"https://prod-01.chinanorth.logic.azure.cn:443/workflows/<*workflow-ID*>/triggers/manual/run?api-version=2016-10-01&sp=%2Ftriggers%2Fmanual%2Frun&sv=1.0&sig=<*signature-ID*>"

M

max

Return the highest value from a list or array with numbers that is inclusive at both ends.

max(<number1>, <number2>, ...)
max([<number1>, <number2>, ...])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<number1>, <number2>, ...	Yes	Integer, Float, or both	The set of numbers from which you want the highest value
[<number1>, <number2>, ...]	Yes	Array - Integer, Float, or both	The array of numbers from which you want the highest value

Return value	Type	Description
<max-value>	Integer or Float	The highest value in the specified array or set of numbers

Example

These examples get the highest value from the set of numbers and the array:

max(1, 2, 3)
max(createArray(1, 2, 3))

And return this result: 3

min

Return the lowest value from a set of numbers or an array.

min(<number1>, <number2>, ...)
min([<number1>, <number2>, ...])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<number1>, <number2>, ...	Yes	Integer, Float, or both	The set of numbers from which you want the lowest value
[<number1>, <number2>, ...]	Yes	Array - Integer, Float, or both	The array of numbers from which you want the lowest value

Return value	Type	Description
<min-value>	Integer or Float	The lowest value in the specified set of numbers or specified array

Example

These examples get the lowest value in the set of numbers and the array:

min(1, 2, 3)
min(createArray(1, 2, 3))

And return this result: 1

mod

Return the remainder from dividing two numbers. To get the integer result, see div().

mod(<dividend>, <divisor>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<dividend>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number to divide by the divisor
<divisor>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number that divides the dividend, but can't be zero

Return value	Type	Description
<modulo-result>	Integer or Float	The remainder from dividing the first number by the second number

Example 1

This example divides the first number by the second number:

mod(3, 2)

And returns this result: 1

Example 2

This example shows that if one or both values are negative, the result matches the sign of the dividend:

mod(-5, 2)
mod(4, -3)

The example returns these results:

• First example: -1
• Second example: 1

mul

Return the product from multiplying two numbers.

mul(<multiplicand1>, <multiplicand2>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<multiplicand1>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number to multiply by multiplicand2
<multiplicand2>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number that multiples multiplicand1

Return value	Type	Description
<product-result>	Integer or Float	The product from multiplying the first number by the second number

Example

These examples multiple the first number by the second number:

mul(1, 2)
mul(1.5, 2)

And return these results:

• First example: 2
• Second example 3

multipartBody

Return the body for a specific part in an action's output that has multiple parts.

multipartBody('<actionName>', <index>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The name for the action that has output with multiple parts
<index>	Yes	Integer	The index value for the part that you want

Return value	Type	Description
<body>	String	The body for the specified part

N

not

Check whether an expression is false. Return true when the expression is false, or return false when true.

not(<expression>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<expression>	Yes	Boolean	The expression to check

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the expression is false. Return false when the expression is true.

Example 1

These examples check whether the specified expressions are false:

not(false)
not(true)

And return these results:

• First example: The expression is false, so the function returns true.
• Second example: The expression is true, so the function returns false.

Example 2

These examples check whether the specified expressions are false:

not(equals(1, 2))
not(equals(1, 1))

And return these results:

• First example: The expression is false, so the function returns true.
• Second example: The expression is true, so the function returns false.

nthIndexOf

Return the starting position or index value where the nth occurrence of a substring appears in a string.

nthIndexOf('<text>', '<searchText>', <occurrence>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that contains the substring to find
<searchText>	Yes	String	The substring to find
<occurrence>	Yes	Integer	A number that specifies the nth occurrence of the substring to find. If occurrence is negative, start searching from the end.

Return value	Type	Description
<index-value>	Integer	The starting position or index value for the nth occurrence of the specified substring. If the substring isn't found or fewer than n occurrences of the substring exist, return -1.

Examples

nthIndexOf('123456789123465789', '1', 1) // Returns `0`.
nthIndexOf('123456789123465789', '1', 2) // Returns `9`.
nthIndexOf('123456789123465789', '12', 2) // Returns `9`.
nthIndexOf('123456789123465789', '6', 4) // Returns `-1`.

O

or

Check whether at least one expression is true. Return true when at least one expression is true, or return false when all are false.

or(<expression1>, <expression2>, ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<expression1>, <expression2>, ...	Yes	Boolean	The expressions to check

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when at least one expression is true. Return false when all expressions are false.

Example 1

These examples check whether at least one expression is true:

or(true, false)
or(false, false)

And return these results:

• First example: At least one expression is true, so the function returns true.
• Second example: Both expressions are false, so the function returns false.

Example 2

These examples check whether at least one expression is true:

or(equals(1, 1), equals(1, 2))
or(equals(1, 2), equals(1, 3))

And return these results:

• First example: At least one expression is true, so the function returns true.
• Second example: Both expressions are false, so the function returns false.

outputs

Return an action's outputs at runtime.

outputs('<actionName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<actionName>	Yes	String	The name for the action's output that you want

Return value	Type	Description
<output>	String	The output from the specified action

Example

This example gets the output from the X action Get user:

outputs('Get_user')

And returns this result:

{
  "statusCode": 200,
  "headers": {
    "Pragma": "no-cache",
    "Vary": "Accept-Encoding",
    "x-ms-request-id": "a916ec8f52211265d98159adde2efe0b",
    "X-Content-Type-Options": "nosniff",
    "Timing-Allow-Origin": "*",
    "Cache-Control": "no-cache",
    "Date": "Mon, 09 Apr 2018 18:47:12 GMT",
    "Set-Cookie": "ARRAffinity=b9400932367ab5e3b6802e3d6158afffb12fcde8666715f5a5fbd4142d0f0b7d;Path=/;HttpOnly;Domain=twitter-wus.azconn-wus.p.chinacloudsites.cn",
    "X-AspNet-Version": "4.0.30319",
    "X-Powered-By": "ASP.NET",
    "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
    "Expires": "-1",
    "Content-Length": "339"
  },
  "body": {
    "FullName": "Contoso Corporation",
    "Location": "Generic Town, USA",
    "Id": 283541717,
    "UserName": "ContosoInc",
    "FollowersCount": 172,
    "Description": "Leading the way in transforming the digital workplace.",
    "StatusesCount": 93,
    "FriendsCount": 126,
    "FavouritesCount": 46,
    "ProfileImageUrl": "https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/908820389907722240/gG9zaHcd_400x400.jpg"
  }
}

P

parameters

Return the value for a parameter that is described in your workflow definition.

parameters('<parameterName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<parameterName>	Yes	String	The name for the parameter whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<parameter-value>	Any	The value for the specified parameter

Example

Suppose that you have this JSON value:

{
  "fullName": "Sophia Owen"
}

This example gets the value for the specified parameter:

parameters('fullName')

And returns this result: "Sophia Owen"

parseDateTime

Return the timestamp from a string that contains a timestamp.

parseDateTime('<timestamp>', '<locale>'?, '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<locale>	No	String	The locale to use. If not specified, the default locale is en-us. If locale isn't a valid value, an error is generated.
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't specified, attempt parsing with multiple formats that are compatible with the provided locale. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<parsed-timestamp>	String	The parsed timestamp in "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK) format, which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information.

Examples

parseDateTime('20/10/2014', 'fr-fr') // Returns '2014-10-20T00:00:00.0000000'.
parseDateTime('20 octobre 2010', 'fr-FR') // Returns '2010-10-20T00:00:00.0000000'.
parseDateTime('martes 20 octubre 2020', 'es-es') // Returns '2020-10-20T00:00:00.0000000'.
parseDateTime('21052019', 'fr-fr', 'ddMMyyyy') // Returns '2019-05-21T00:00:00.0000000'.
parseDateTime('10/20/2014 15h', 'en-US', 'MM/dd/yyyy HH\h') // Returns '2014-10-20T15:00:00.0000000'.

R

rand

Return a random integer from a specified range, which is inclusive only at the starting end.

rand(<minValue>, <maxValue>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<minValue>	Yes	Integer	The lowest integer in the range
<maxValue>	Yes	Integer	The integer that follows the highest integer in the range that the function can return

Return value	Type	Description
<random-result>	Integer	The random integer returned from the specified range

Example

This example gets a random integer from the specified range, excluding the maximum value:

rand(1, 5)

And returns one of these numbers as the result: 1, 2, 3, or 4

range

Return an integer array that starts from a specified integer.

range(<startIndex>, <count>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<startIndex>	Yes	Integer	An integer value that starts the array as the first item
<count>	Yes	Integer	The number of integers in the array. The count parameter value must be a positive integer that doesn't exceed 100,000. Note: The sum of the startIndex and count values must not exceed 2,147,483,647.

Return value	Type	Description
[<range-result>]	Array	The array with integers starting from the specified index

Example

This example creates an integer array that starts from the specified index and has the specified number of integers:

range(1, 4)

And returns this result: [1, 2, 3, 4]

removeProperty

Remove a property from an object and return the updated object. If the property that you try to remove doesn't exist, the function returns the original object.

removeProperty(<object>, '<property>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object from where you want to remove a property
<property>	Yes	String	The name for the property to remove

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-object>	Object	The updated JSON object without the specified property

To remove a child property from an existing property, use this syntax:

removeProperty(<object>['<parent-property>'], '<child-property>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object whose property you want to remove
<parent-property>	Yes	String	The name for parent property with the child property that you want to remove
<child-property>	Yes	String	The name for the child property to remove

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-object>	Object	The updated JSON object whose child property that you removed

Example 1

This example removes the middleName property from a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function, and returns the updated object:

removeProperty(json('{ "firstName": "Sophia", "middleName": "Anne", "surName": "Owen" }'), 'middleName')

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "middleName": "Anne",
   "surName": "Owen"
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "surName": "Owen"
}

Example 2

This example removes the middleName child property from a customerName parent property in a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function, and returns the updated object:

removeProperty(json('{ "customerName": { "firstName": "Sophia", "middleName": "Anne", "surName": "Owen" } }')['customerName'], 'middleName')

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophia",
      "middleName": "Anne",
      "surName": "Owen"
   }
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophia",
      "surName": "Owen"
   }
}

replace

Replace a substring with the specified string, and return the result string. This function is case-sensitive.

replace('<text>', '<oldText>', '<newText>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that has the substring to replace
<oldText>	Yes	String	The substring to replace
<newText>	Yes	String	The replacement string

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-text>	String	The updated string after replacing the substring If the substring isn't found, return the original string.

Example

This example finds the "old" substring in "the old string" and replaces "old" with "new":

replace('the old string', 'old', 'new')

And returns this result: "the new string"

result

Return the results from the top-level actions in the specified scoped action, such as a For_each, Until, or Scope action. The result() function accepts a single parameter, which is the scope's name, and returns an array that contains information from the first-level actions in that scope. These action objects include the same attributes as the attributes returned by the actions() function, such as the action's start time, end time, status, inputs, correlation IDs, and outputs.

For example, you can use this function to get the results from failed actions so that you can diagnose and handle exceptions. For more information, see Get context and results for failures.

result('<scopedActionName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<scopedActionName>	Yes	String	The name of the scoped action where you want the inputs and outputs from the top-level actions inside that scope

Return value	Type	Description
<array-object>	Array object	An array that contains arrays of inputs and outputs from each top-level action inside the specified scope

Example

This example returns the inputs and outputs from each iteration of an HTTP action inside that's in a For_each loop by using the result() function in the Compose action:

{
   "actions": {
      "Compose": {
         "inputs": "@result('For_each')",
         "runAfter": {
            "For_each": [
               "Succeeded"
            ]
         },
         "type": "compose"
      },
      "For_each": {
         "actions": {
            "HTTP": {
               "inputs": {
                  "method": "GET",
                  "uri": "https://httpstat.us/200"
               },
               "runAfter": {},
               "type": "Http"
            }
         },
         "foreach": "@triggerBody()",
         "runAfter": {},
         "type": "Foreach"
      }
   }
}

Here's how the example returned array might look where the outer outputs object contains the inputs and outputs from each iteration of the actions inside the For_each action.

[
   {
      "name": "HTTP",
      "outputs": [
         {
            "name": "HTTP",
            "inputs": {
               "uri": "https://httpstat.us/200",
               "method": "GET"
            },
            "outputs": {
               "statusCode": 200,
               "headers": {
                   "X-AspNetMvc-Version": "5.1",
                   "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
                   "Cache-Control": "private",
                   "Date": "Tue, 20 Aug 2019 22:15:37 GMT",
                   "Set-Cookie": "ARRAffinity=0285cfbea9f2ee7",
                   "Server": "Microsoft-IIS/10.0",
                   "X-AspNet-Version": "4.0.30319",
                   "X-Powered-By": "ASP.NET",
                   "Content-Length": "0"
               },
               "startTime": "2019-08-20T22:15:37.6919631Z",
               "endTime": "2019-08-20T22:15:37.95762Z",
               "trackingId": "6bad3015-0444-4ccd-a971-cbb0c99a7.....",
               "clientTrackingId": "085863526764.....",
               "code": "OK",
               "status": "Succeeded"
            }
         },
         {
            "name": "HTTP",
            "inputs": {
               "uri": "https://httpstat.us/200",
               "method": "GET"
            },
            "outputs": {
            "statusCode": 200,
               "headers": {
                   "X-AspNetMvc-Version": "5.1",
                   "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
                   "Cache-Control": "private",
                   "Date": "Tue, 20 Aug 2019 22:15:37 GMT",
                   "Set-Cookie": "ARRAffinity=0285cfbea9f2ee7",
                   "Server": "Microsoft-IIS/10.0",
                   "X-AspNet-Version": "4.0.30319",
                   "X-Powered-By": "ASP.NET",
                   "Content-Length": "0"
               },
               "startTime": "2019-08-20T22:15:37.6919631Z",
               "endTime": "2019-08-20T22:15:37.95762Z",
               "trackingId": "9987e889-981b-41c5-aa27-f3e0e59bf69.....",
               "clientTrackingId": "085863526764.....",
               "code": "OK",
               "status": "Succeeded"
            }
         }
      ]
   }
]

reverse

Reverse the order of items in a collection. When you use this function with sort(), you can sort a collection in descending order.

reverse([<collection>])

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	Array	The collection to reverse

Return value	Type	Description
[<updated-collection>]	Array	The reversed collection

Example

This example reverses an array of integers:

reverse(createArray(0, 1, 2, 3))

And returns this array: [3,2,1,0]

S

setProperty

Set the value for JSON object's property and return the updated object. If the property that you try to set doesn't exist, the property gets added to the object. To add a new property, use the addProperty() function.

setProperty(<object>, '<property>', <value>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object whose property you want to set
<property>	Yes	String	The name for the existing or new property to set
<value>	Yes	Any	The value to set for the specified property

To set the child property in a child object, use a nested setProperty() call instead. Otherwise, the function returns only the child object as output.

setProperty(<object>, '<parent-property>', setProperty(<object>['parentProperty'], '<child-property>', <value>))

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<object>	Yes	Object	The JSON object whose property you want to set
<parent-property>	Yes	String	The name for parent property with the child property that you want to set
<child-property>	Yes	String	The name for the child property to set
<value>	Yes	Any	The value to set for the specified property

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-object>	Object	The updated JSON object whose property you set

Example 1

This example sets the surName property in a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function. The function assigns the specified value to the property and returns the updated object:

setProperty(json('{ "firstName": "Sophia", "surName": "Owen" }'), 'surName', 'Hartnett')

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "surName": "Owen"
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "firstName": "Sophia",
   "surName": "Hartnett"
}

Example 2

This example sets the surName child property for the customerName parent property in a JSON object, which is converted from a string to JSON by using the JSON() function. The function assigns the specified value to the property and returns the updated object:

setProperty(json('{ "customerName": { "firstName": "Sophia", "surName": "Owen" } }'), 'customerName', setProperty(json('{ "customerName": { "firstName": "Sophia", "surName": "Owen" } }')['customerName'], 'surName', 'Hartnett'))

Here's the current JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophie",
      "surName": "Owen"
   }
}

Here's the updated JSON object:

{
   "customerName": {
      "firstName": "Sophie",
      "surName": "Hartnett"
   }
}

skip

Remove items from the front of a collection, and return all the other items.

skip([<collection>], <count>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	Array	The collection whose items you want to remove
<count>	Yes	Integer	A positive integer for the number of items to remove at the front

Return value	Type	Description
[<updated-collection>]	Array	The updated collection after removing the specified items

Example

This example removes one item, the number 0, from the front of the specified array:

skip(createArray(0, 1, 2, 3), 1)

And returns this array with the remaining items: [1,2,3]

slice

Return a substring by specifying the starting and ending position or value. See also substring().

slice('<text>', <startIndex>, <endIndex>?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that contains the substring to find
<startIndex>	Yes	Integer	The zero-based starting position or value for where to begin searching for the substring - If startIndex is greater than the string length, return an empty string. - If startIndex is negative, start searching at the index value that's the sum of the string length and startIndex.
<endIndex>	No	Integer	The zero-based ending position or value for where to end searching for the substring. The character located at the ending index value isn't included in the search. - If endIndex isn't specified or greater than the string length, search up to the end of the string. - If endIndex is negative, end searching at the index value that the sum of the string length and endIndex.

Return value	Type	Description
<slice-result>	String	A new string that contains the found substring

Examples

slice('Hello World', 2) // Returns 'llo World'.
slice('Hello World', 30) // Returns ''.
slice('Hello World', 10, 2) // Returns ''.
slice('Hello World', 0) // Returns 'Hello World'.
slice('Hello World', 2, 5) // Returns 'llo'.
slice('Hello World', 6, 20) // Returns 'World'.
slice('Hello World', -2) // Returns 'ld'.
slice('Hello World', 3, -1) // Returns 'lo Worl'.
slice('Hello World', 3, 3) // Returns ''.

sort

Sort items in a collection. You can sort the collection objects using any key that contains a simple type.

sort([<collection>], <sortBy>?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	Array	The collection with the items to sort
<sortBy>	No	String	The key to use for sorting the collection objects

Return value	Type	Description
[<updated-collection>]	Array	The sorted collection

Example 1

This example sorts an array of integers:

sort(createArray(2, 1, 0, 3))

And returns this array: [0,1,2,3]

Example 2

This example sorts an array of objects by key:

sort(createArray(json('{ "first": "Amalie", "last": "Rose" }'), json('{ "first": "Elise", "last": "Renee" }')), 'last')

And returns this array: [{ "first": "Elise", "last": "Renee" }, {"first": "Amalie", "last": "Rose" }')]

split

Return an array that contains substrings, separated by commas, based on the specified delimiter character in the original string.

split('<text>', '<delimiter>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string to separate into substrings based on the specified delimiter in the original string
<delimiter>	Yes	String	The character in the original string to use as the delimiter

Return value	Type	Description
[<substring1>,<substring2>,...]	Array	An array that contains substrings from the original string, separated by commas

Example 1

This example creates an array with substrings from the specified string based on the specified character as the delimiter:

split('a_b_c', '_')

And returns this array as the result: ["a","b","c"]

Example 2

This example creates an array with a single element when no delimiter exists in the string:

split('a_b_c', ' ')

And returns this array as the result: ["a_b_c"]

startOfDay

Return the start of the day for a timestamp.

startOfDay('<timestamp>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The specified timestamp but starting at the zero-hour mark for the day

Example

This example finds the start of the day for this timestamp:

startOfDay('2018-03-15T13:30:30Z')

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T00:00:00.0000000Z"

startOfHour

Return the start of the hour for a timestamp.

startOfHour('<timestamp>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The specified timestamp but starting at the zero-minute mark for the hour

Example

This example finds the start of the hour for this timestamp:

startOfHour('2018-03-15T13:30:30Z')

And returns this result: "2018-03-15T13:00:00.0000000Z"

startOfMonth

Return the start of the month for a timestamp.

startOfMonth('<timestamp>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The specified timestamp but starting on the first day of the month at the zero-hour mark

Example 1

This example returns the start of the month for this timestamp:

startOfMonth('2018-03-15T13:30:30Z')

And returns this result: "2018-03-01T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example returns the start of the month in the specified format for this timestamp:

startOfMonth('2018-03-15T13:30:30Z', 'yyyy-MM-dd')

And returns this result: "2018-03-01"

startsWith

Check whether a string starts with a specific substring. Return true when the substring is found, or return false when not found. This function isn't case-sensitive.

startsWith('<text>', '<searchText>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string to check
<searchText>	Yes	String	The starting string to find

Return value	Type	Description
true or false	Boolean	Return true when the starting substring is found. Return false when not found.

Example 1

This example checks whether the "hello world" string starts with the "hello" substring:

startsWith('hello world', 'hello')

And returns this result: true

Example 2

This example checks whether the "hello world" string starts with the "greetings" substring:

startsWith('hello world', 'greetings')

And returns this result: false

string

Return the string version for a value.

string(<value>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	Any	The value to convert. If this value is null or evaluates to null, the value is converted to an empty string ("") value. For example, if you assign a string variable to a non-existent property, which you can access with the ? operator, the null value is converted to an empty string. However, comparing a null value isn't the same as comparing an empty string.

Return value	Type	Description
<string-value>	String	The string version for the specified value. If the value parameter is null or evaluates to null, this value is returned as an empty string ("") value.

Example 1

This example creates the string version for this number:

string(10)

And returns this result: "10"

Example 2

This example creates a string for the specified JSON object and uses the backslash character (\) as an escape character for the double-quotation mark (").

string( { "name": "Sophie Owen" } )

And returns this result: "{ \\"name\\": \\"Sophie Owen\\" }"

sub

Return the result from subtracting the second number from the first number.

sub(<minuend>, <subtrahend>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<minuend>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number from which to subtract the subtrahend
<subtrahend>	Yes	Integer or Float	The number to subtract from the minuend

Return value	Type	Description
<result>	Integer or Float	The result from subtracting the second number from the first number

Example

This example subtracts the second number from the first number:

sub(10.3, .3)

And returns this result: 10

substring

Return characters from a string, starting from the specified position, or index. Index values start with the number 0. See also slice().

substring('<text>', <startIndex>, <length>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string whose characters you want
<startIndex>	Yes	Integer	A positive number equal to or greater than 0 that you want to use as the starting position or index value
<length>	No	Integer	A positive number of characters that you want in the substring

Return value	Type	Description
<substring-result>	String	A substring with the specified number of characters, starting at the specified index position in the source string

Example

This example creates a five-character substring from the specified string, starting from the index value 6:

substring('hello world', 6, 5)

And returns this result: "world"

subtractFromTime

Subtract a number of time units from a timestamp. See also getPastTime.

subtractFromTime('<timestamp>', <interval>, '<timeUnit>', '<format>'?)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string that contains the timestamp
<interval>	Yes	Integer	The number of specified time units to subtract
<timeUnit>	Yes	String	The unit of time to use with interval: "Second", "Minute", "Hour", "Day", "Week", "Month", "Year"
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<updated-timestamp>	String	The timestamp minus the specified number of time units

Example 1

This example subtracts one day from this timestamp:

subtractFromTime('2018-01-02T00:00:00Z', 1, 'Day')

And returns this result: "2018-01-01T00:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

This example subtracts one day from this timestamp:

subtractFromTime('2018-01-02T00:00:00Z', 1, 'Day', 'D')

And returns this result using the optional "D" format: "Monday, January, 1, 2018"

T

take

Return items from the front of a collection.

take('<collection>', <count>)
take([<collection>], <count>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection>	Yes	String or Array	The collection whose items you want
<count>	Yes	Integer	A positive integer for the number of items that you want from the front

Return value	Type	Description
<subset> or [<subset>]	String or Array, respectively	A string or array that has the specified number of items taken from the front of the original collection

Example

These examples get the specified number of items from the front of these collections:

take('abcde', 3)
take(createArray(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), 3)

And return these results:

• First example: "abc"
• Second example: [0, 1, 2]

ticks

Returns the number of ticks, which are 100-nanosecond intervals, since January 1, 0001 12:00:00 midnight (or DateTime.Ticks in C#) up to the specified timestamp. For more information, see this topic: DateTime.Ticks Property (System).

ticks('<timestamp>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<timestamp>	Yes	String	The string for a timestamp

Return value	Type	Description
<ticks-number>	Integer	The number of ticks since the specified timestamp

toLower

Return a string in lowercase format. If a character in the string doesn't have a lowercase version, that character stays unchanged in the returned string.

toLower('<text>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string to return in lowercase format

Return value	Type	Description
<lowercase-text>	String	The original string in lowercase format

Example

This example converts this string to lowercase:

toLower('Hello World')

And returns this result: "hello world"

toUpper

Return a string in uppercase format. If a character in the string doesn't have an uppercase version, that character stays unchanged in the returned string.

toUpper('<text>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string to return in uppercase format

Return value	Type	Description
<uppercase-text>	String	The original string in uppercase format

Example

This example converts this string to uppercase:

toUpper('Hello World')

And returns this result: "HELLO WORLD"

trigger

Return a trigger's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs, which you can assign to an expression.

• Inside a trigger's inputs, this function returns the output from the previous execution.

• Inside a trigger's condition, this function returns the output from the current execution.

By default, the function references the entire trigger object, but you can optionally specify a property whose value that you want. Also, this function has shorthand versions available, see triggerOutputs() and triggerBody().

trigger()

Return value	Type	Description
<trigger-output>	String	The output from a trigger at runtime

triggerBody

Return a trigger's body output at runtime. Shorthand for trigger().outputs.body. See trigger().

triggerBody()

Return value	Type	Description
<trigger-body-output>	String	The body output from the trigger

triggerFormDataMultiValues

Return an array with values that match a key name in a trigger's form-data or form-encoded output.

triggerFormDataMultiValues('<key>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<key>	Yes	String	The name for the key whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
[<array-with-key-values>]	Array	An array with all the values that match the specified key

Example

This example creates an array from the "feedUrl" key value in an RSS trigger's form-data or form-encoded output:

triggerFormDataMultiValues('feedUrl')

And returns this array as an example result: ["https://feeds.a.dj.com/rss/RSSMarketsMain.xml"]

triggerFormDataValue

Return a string with a single value that matches a key name in a trigger's form-data or form-encoded output. If the function finds more than one match, the function throws an error.

triggerFormDataValue('<key>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<key>	Yes	String	The name for the key whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<key-value>	String	The value in the specified key

Example

This example creates a string from the "feedUrl" key value in an RSS trigger's form-data or form-encoded output:

triggerFormDataValue('feedUrl')

And returns this string as an example result: "https://feeds.a.dj.com/rss/RSSMarketsMain.xml"

triggerMultipartBody

Return the body for a specific part in a trigger's output that has multiple parts.

triggerMultipartBody(<index>)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<index>	Yes	Integer	The index value for the part that you want

Return value	Type	Description
<body>	String	The body for the specified part in a trigger's multipart output

triggerOutputs

Return a trigger's output at runtime, or values from other JSON name-and-value pairs. Shorthand for trigger().outputs. See trigger().

triggerOutputs()

Return value	Type	Description
<trigger-output>	String	The output from a trigger at runtime

trim

Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string, and return the updated string.

trim('<text>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<text>	Yes	String	The string that has the leading and trailing whitespace to remove

Return value	Type	Description
<updatedText>	String	An updated version for the original string without leading or trailing whitespace

Example

This example removes the leading and trailing whitespace from the string " Hello World ":

trim(' Hello World  ')

And returns this result: "Hello World"

U

union

Return a collection that has all the items from the specified collections. To appear in the result, an item can appear in any collection passed to this function. If one or more items have the same name, the last item with that name appears in the result.

union('<collection1>', '<collection2>', ...)
union([<collection1>], [<collection2>], ...)

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<collection1>, <collection2>, ...	Yes	Array or Object, but not both	The collections from where you want all the items

Return value	Type	Description
<updatedCollection>	Array or Object, respectively	A collection with all the items from the specified collections - no duplicates

Example

This example gets all the items from these collections:

union(createArray(1, 2, 3), createArray(1, 2, 10, 101))

And returns this result: [1, 2, 3, 10, 101]

uriComponent

Return a uniform resource identifier (URI) encoded version for a string by replacing URL-unsafe characters with escape characters. Use this function rather than encodeUriComponent(). Although both functions work the same way, uriComponent() is preferred.

uriComponent('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string to convert to URI-encoded format

Return value	Type	Description
<encoded-uri>	String	The URI-encoded string with escape characters

Example

This example creates a URI-encoded version for this string:

uriComponent('https://contoso.com')

And returns this result: "https%3A%2F%2Fcontoso.com"

uriComponentToBinary

Return the binary version for a uniform resource identifier (URI) component.

uriComponentToBinary('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The URI-encoded string to convert

Return value	Type	Description
<binary-for-encoded-uri>	String	The binary version for the URI-encoded string. The binary content is base64-encoded and represented by $content.

Example

This example creates the binary version for this URI-encoded string:

uriComponentToBinary('https%3A%2F%2Fcontoso.com')

And returns this result:

"001000100110100001110100011101000111000000100101001100 11010000010010010100110010010001100010010100110010010001 10011000110110111101101110011101000110111101110011011011 110010111001100011011011110110110100100010"

uriComponentToString

Return the string version for a uniform resource identifier (URI) encoded string, effectively decoding the URI-encoded string.

uriComponentToString('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The URI-encoded string to decode

Return value	Type	Description
<decoded-uri>	String	The decoded version for the URI-encoded string

Example

This example creates the decoded string version for this URI-encoded string:

uriComponentToString('https%3A%2F%2Fcontoso.com')

And returns this result: "https://contoso.com"

uriHost

Return the host value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriHost('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose host value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<host-value>	String	The host value for the specified URI

Example

This example finds the host value for this URI:

uriHost('https://www.localhost.com:8080')

And returns this result: "www.localhost.com"

uriPath

Return the path value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriPath('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose path value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<path-value>	String	The path value for the specified URI. If path doesn't have a value, return the "/" character.

Example

This example finds the path value for this URI:

uriPath('https://www.contoso.com/catalog/shownew.htm?date=today')

And returns this result: "/catalog/shownew.htm"

uriPathAndQuery

Return the path and query values for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriPathAndQuery('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose path and query values you want

Return value	Type	Description
<path-query-value>	String	The path and query values for the specified URI. If path doesn't specify a value, return the "/" character.

Example

This example finds the path and query values for this URI:

uriPathAndQuery('https://www.contoso.com/catalog/shownew.htm?date=today')

And returns this result: "/catalog/shownew.htm?date=today"

uriPort

Return the port value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriPort('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose port value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<port-value>	Integer	The port value for the specified URI. If port doesn't specify a value, return the default port for the protocol.

Example

This example returns the port value for this URI:

uriPort('https://www.localhost:8080')

And returns this result: 8080

uriQuery

Return the query value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriQuery('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose query value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<query-value>	String	The query value for the specified URI

Example

This example returns the query value for this URI:

uriQuery('https://www.contoso.com/catalog/shownew.htm?date=today')

And returns this result: "?date=today"

uriScheme

Return the scheme value for a uniform resource identifier (URI).

uriScheme('<uri>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<uri>	Yes	String	The URI whose scheme value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<scheme-value>	String	The scheme value for the specified URI

Example

This example returns the scheme value for this URI:

uriScheme('https://www.contoso.com/catalog/shownew.htm?date=today')

And returns this result: "http"

utcNow

Return the current timestamp.

utcNow('<format>')

Optionally, you can specify a different format with the <format> parameter.

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<format>	No	String	A numeric format string that is either a single format specifier or a custom format pattern. The default format for the timestamp is "o" (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.fffffffK), which complies with ISO 8601 and preserves time zone information. If the format isn't a valid value, an error is generated.

Return value	Type	Description
<current-timestamp>	String	The current date and time

Example 1

Suppose today is April 15, 2018 at 1:00:00 PM. This example gets the current timestamp:

utcNow()

And returns this result: "2018-04-15T13:00:00.0000000Z"

Example 2

Suppose today is April 15, 2018 at 1:00:00 PM. This example gets the current timestamp using the optional "D" format:

utcNow('D')

And returns this result: "Sunday, April 15, 2018"

V

variables

Return the value for a specified variable.

variables('<variableName>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<variableName>	Yes	String	The name for the variable whose value you want

Return value	Type	Description
<variable-value>	Any	The value for the specified variable

Example

Suppose the current value for a "numItems" variable is 20. This example gets the integer value for this variable:

variables('numItems')

And returns this result: 20

W

workflow

Return all the details about the workflow itself during run time.

workflow().<property>

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<property>	No	String	The name for the workflow property whose value you want By default, a workflow object has these properties: name, type, id, location, run, and tags. - The run property value is a JSON object that includes these properties: name, type, and id. - The tags property is a JSON object that includes tags that are associated with your logic app in Azure Logic Apps or flow in Power Automate and the values for those tags. For more information about tags in Azure resources, review Tag resources, resource groups, and subscriptions for logical organization in Azure. Note: By default, a logic app has no tags, but a Power Automate flow has the flowDisplayName and environmentName tags.

Example 1

This example returns the name for a workflow's current run:

workflow().run.name

Example 2

If you use Power Automate, you can create a @workflow() expression that uses the tags output property to get the values from your flow's flowDisplayName or environmentName property.

For example, you can send custom email notifications from the flow itself that link back to your flow. These notifications can include an HTML link that contains the flow's display name in the email title and follows this syntax:

<a href=https://flow.microsoft.com/manage/environments/@{workflow()['tags']['environmentName']}/flows/@{workflow()['name']}/details>Open flow @{workflow()['tags']['flowDisplayName']}</a>

X

xml

Return the XML version for a string that contains a JSON object.

xml('<value>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<value>	Yes	String	The string with the JSON object to convert The JSON object must have only one root property, which can't be an array. Use the backslash character (\) as an escape character for the double quotation mark (").

Return value	Type	Description
<xml-version>	Object	The encoded XML for the specified string or JSON object

Example 1

This example converts the string to XML:

xml('<name>Sophia Owen</name>')

And returns this result XML:

<name>Sophia Owen</name>

Example 2

This example creates the XML version for this string, which contains a JSON object:

xml(json('{ "name": "Sophia Owen" }'))

And returns this result XML:

<name>Sophia Owen</name>

Example 3

Suppose you have this JSON object:

{
  "person": {
    "name": "Sophia Owen",
    "city": "Seattle"
  }
}

This example creates XML for a string that contains this JSON object:

xml(json('{"person": {"name": "Sophia Owen", "city": "Seattle"}}'))

And returns this result XML:

<person>
  <name>Sophia Owen</name>
  <city>Seattle</city>
<person>

xpath

Check XML for nodes or values that match an XPath (XML Path Language) expression, and return the matching nodes or values. An XPath expression, or just "XPath", helps you navigate an XML document structure so that you can select nodes or compute values in the XML content.

xpath('<xml>', '<xpath>')

Parameter	Required	Type	Description
<xml>	Yes	Any	The XML string to search for nodes or values that match an XPath expression value
<xpath>	Yes	Any	The XPath expression used to find matching XML nodes or values

Return value	Type	Description
<xml-node>	XML	An XML node when only a single node matches the specified XPath expression
<value>	Any	The value from an XML node when only a single value matches the specified XPath expression
[<xml-node1>, <xml-node2>, ...] -or- [<value1>, <value2>, ...]	Array	An array with XML nodes or values that match the specified XPath expression

Example 1

Suppose that you have this 'items' XML string:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<produce>
  <item>
    <name>Gala</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>20</count>
  </item>
  <item>
    <name>Honeycrisp</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>10</count>
  </item>
</produce>

This example passes in the XPath expression, '/produce/item/name/text()', to find the nodes that match the <name></name> node in the 'items' XML string, and returns an array with those node values:

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '/produce/item/name/text()')

The example also uses the parameters() function to get the XML string from 'items' and convert the string to XML format by using the xml() function.

Here's the result array populated with values of the nodes that match <name></name>:

[ Gala, Honeycrisp ]

Example 2

Following on Example 1, this example passes in the XPath expression, '/produce/item/name[1]', to find the first name element that is the child of the item element.

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '/produce/item/name[1]')

Here's the result: Gala

Example 3

Following on Example 1, this example pass in the XPath expression, '/produce/item/name[last()]', to find the last name element that is the child of the item element.

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '/produce/item/name[last()]')

Here's the result: Honeycrisp

Example 4

In this example, suppose your items XML string also contains the attributes, expired='true' and expired='false':

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<produce>
  <item>
    <name expired='true'>Gala</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>20</count>
  </item>
  <item>
    <name expired='false'>Honeycrisp</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>10</count>
  </item>
</produce>

This example passes in the XPath expression, '//name[@expired]', to find all the name elements that have the expired attribute:

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '//name[@expired]')

Here's the result: [ Gala, Honeycrisp ]

Example 5

In this example, suppose your items XML string contains only this attribute, expired = 'true':

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<produce>
  <item>
    <name expired='true'>Gala</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>20</count>
  </item>
  <item>
    <name>Honeycrisp</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>10</count>
  </item>
</produce>

This example passes in the XPath expression, '//name[@expired = 'true']', to find all the name elements that have the attribute, expired = 'true':

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '//name[@expired = 'true']')

Here's the result: [ Gala ]

Example 6

In this example, suppose your items XML string also contains these attributes:

• expired='true' price='12'
• expired='false' price='40'

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<produce>
  <item>
    <name expired='true' price='12'>Gala</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>20</count>
  </item>
  <item>
    <name expired='false' price='40'>Honeycrisp</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>10</count>
  </item>
</produce>

This example passes in the XPath expression, '//name[@price>35]', to find all the name elements that have price > 35:

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), '//name[@price>35]')

Here's the result: Honeycrisp

Example 7

In this example, suppose your items XML string is the same as in Example 1:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<produce>
  <item>
    <name>Gala</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>20</count>
  </item>
  <item>
    <name>Honeycrisp</name>
    <type>apple</type>
    <count>10</count>
  </item>
</produce>

This example finds nodes that match the <count></count> node and adds those node values with the sum() function:

xpath(xml(parameters('items')), 'sum(/produce/item/count)')

Here's the result: 30

Example 8

In this example, suppose you have this XML string, which includes the XML document namespace, xmlns="https://contoso.com":

<?xml version="1.0"?><file xmlns="https://contoso.com"><location>Paris</location></file>

These expressions use either XPath expression, /*[name()="file"]/*[name()="location"] or /*[local-name()="file" and namespace-uri()="https://contoso.com"]/*[local-name()="location"], to find nodes that match the <location></location> node. These examples show the syntax that you use in either the designer or in the expression editor:

• xpath(xml(body('Http')), '/*[name()="file"]/*[name()="location"]')
• xpath(xml(body('Http')), '/*[local-name()="file" and namespace-uri()="https://contoso.com"]/*[local-name()="location"]')

Here's the result node that matches the <location></location> node:

<location xmlns="https://contoso.com">Paris</location>

Example 9

Following on Example 8, this example uses the XPath expression, 'string(/*[name()="file"]/*[name()="location"])', to find the value in the <location></location> node:

xpath(xml(body('Http')), 'string(/*[name()="file"]/*[name()="location"])')

Here's the result: Paris

Next steps

Learn about the Workflow Definition Language