使用 PowerShell 在 SQL 数据库和 SQL Server 之间同步数据

适用于：Azure SQL 数据库

此 Azure PowerShell 示例将数据同步配置为在 Azure SQL 数据库和 SQL Server 之间同步数据。

如果没有 Azure 试用版订阅，请在开始前创建一个试用版订阅。

本教程需要 Az PowerShell 1.4.0 或更高版本。 如果需要进行升级，请参阅 Install Azure PowerShell module（安装 Azure PowerShell 模块）。 此外，还需要运行 Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud 以创建与 Azure 的连接。

有关 SQL 数据同步的概述，请参阅什么是适用于 Azure 的 SQL 数据同步？

SQL 数据同步目前不支持 Azure SQL 托管实例或 Azure Synapse Analytics。

先决条件

• 使用 AdventureWorksLT 示例数据库在 Azure SQL 数据库中创建数据库作为中心数据库。
• 在同步数据库所在的相同区域中创建 Azure SQL 数据库中的数据库。
• 在 SQL Server 实例中创建数据库作为成员数据库。
• 运行示例前更新参数占位符。

示例

using namespace Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Sql.DataSync.Model
using namespace System.Collections.Generic

# hub database info
$subscriptionId = "<subscriptionId>"
$resourceGroupName = "<resourceGroupName>"
$serverName = "<serverName>"
$databaseName = "<databaseName>"

# sync database info
$syncDatabaseResourceGroupName = "<syncResourceGroupName>"
$syncDatabaseServerName = "<syncServerName>"
$syncDatabaseName = "<syncDatabaseName>"

# sync group info
$syncGroupName = "<syncGroupName>"
$conflictResolutionPolicy = "HubWin" # can be HubWin or MemberWin
$intervalInSeconds = 300 # sync interval in seconds (must be no less than 300)

# member database info
$syncMemberName = "<syncMemberName>"
$memberServerName = "<memberServerName>"
$memberDatabaseName = "<memberDatabaseName>"
$memberDatabaseType = "SqlServerDatabase" # can be AzureSqlDatabase or SqlServerDatabase
$syncDirection = "Bidirectional" # can be Bidirectional, Onewaymembertohub, Onewayhubtomember

# sync agent info
$syncAgentName = "<agentName>"
$syncAgentResourceGroupName = "<syncAgentResourceGroupName>"
$syncAgentServerName = "<syncAgentServerName>"

# temp file to save the sync schema
$tempFile = $env:TEMP+"\syncSchema.json"

# list of included columns and tables in quoted name
$includedColumnsAndTables =  "[SalesLT].[Address].[AddressID]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[AddressLine2]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[rowguid]",
                             "[SalesLT].[Address].[PostalCode]",
                             "[SalesLT].[ProductDescription]"
$metadataList = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new($includedColumnsAndTables)

Connect-AzAccount -Environment AzureChinaCloud
Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId $subscriptionId

# use if it's safe to show password in script, otherwise use PromptForCredential
# $user = "username"
# $password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "password" -AsPlainText -Force
# $credential = New-Object -TypeName "System.Management.Automation.PSCredential" -ArgumentList $user, $password

$credential = $Host.ui.PromptForCredential("Need credential",
              "Please enter your user name and password for server "+$serverName+".database.chinacloudapi.cn",
              "",
              "")

# create a new sync agent
Write-Host "Creating new Sync Agent..."
New-AzSqlSyncAgent -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName  $serverName -SyncDatabaseName $syncDatabaseName -SyncAgentName $syncAgentName

# generate agent key
Write-Host "Generating Agent Key..."
$agentKey = New-AzSqlSyncAgentKey -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -SyncAgentName $syncAgentName
Write-Host "Use your agent key to configure the sync agent. Do this before proceeding."
$agentkey

# DO THE FOLLOWING BEFORE THE NEXT STEP
# Install the on-premises sync agent on your machine and register the sync agent using the agent key generated above to bring the sync agent online.
# Add the SQL Server database information including server name, database name, user name, password on the configuration tool within the sync agent.  

# create a new sync group
Write-Host "Creating Sync Group "$syncGroupName"..."
New-AzSqlSyncGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -Name $syncGroupName `
    -SyncDatabaseName $syncDatabaseName -SyncDatabaseServerName $syncDatabaseServerName -SyncDatabaseResourceGroupName $syncDatabaseResourceGroupName `
    -ConflictResolutionPolicy $conflictResolutionPolicy -DatabaseCredential $credential

# use if it's safe to show password in script, otherwise use PromptForCredential
#$user = "username"
#$password = ConvertTo-SecureString -String "password" -AsPlainText -Force
#$credential = New-Object -TypeName "System.Management.Automation.PSCredential" -ArgumentList $user, $password

$credential = $Host.ui.PromptForCredential("Need credential",
              "Please enter your user name and password for server "+$memberServerName,
              "",
              "")

# get information from sync agent and confirm your SQL Server instance was configured (note the database ID to use for the sqlServerDatabaseID in the next step)
$syncAgentInfo = Get-AzSqlSyncAgentLinkedDatabase -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -SyncAgentName $syncAgentName

# add a new sync member
Write-Host "Adding member"$syncMemberName" to the sync group..."

New-AzSqlSyncMember -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
    -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -Name $syncMemberName -MemberDatabaseType $memberDatabaseType -SyncAgentResourceGroupName $syncAgentResourceGroupName `
    -SyncAgentServerName $syncAgentServerName -SyncAgentName $syncAgentName  -SyncDirection $syncDirection -SqlServerDatabaseID  $syncAgentInfo.DatabaseId

# refresh database schema from hub database, specify the -SyncMemberName parameter if you want to refresh schema from the member database
Write-Host "Refreshing database schema from hub database..."
$startTime = Get-Date
Update-AzSqlSyncSchema -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName

# waiting for successful refresh
$startTime = $startTime.ToUniversalTime()
$timer=0
$timeout=90

# check the log and see if refresh has gone through
Write-Host "Check for successful refresh..."
$isSucceeded = $false
while ($isSucceeded -eq $false) {
    Start-Sleep -s 10
    $timer=$timer+10
    $details = Get-AzSqlSyncSchema -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
    if ($details.LastUpdateTime -gt $startTime) {
        Write-Host "Refresh was successful"
        $isSucceeded = $true
    }
    if ($timer -eq $timeout) {
        Write-Host "Refresh timed out"
        break;
    }
}

# get the database schema
Write-Host "Adding tables and columns to the sync schema..."
$databaseSchema = Get-AzSqlSyncSchema -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -ServerName $ServerName `
    -DatabaseName $DatabaseName -SyncGroupName $SyncGroupName `

$databaseSchema | ConvertTo-Json -depth 5 -Compress | Out-File "C:\Users\OnPremiseServer\AppData\Local\Temp\syncSchema.json"

$newSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaModel]::new()
$newSchema.Tables = [List[AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaTableModel]]::new();

# add columns and tables to the sync schema
foreach ($tableSchema in $databaseSchema.Tables) {
    $newTableSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaTableModel]::new()
    $newTableSchema.QuotedName = $tableSchema.QuotedName
    $newTableSchema.Columns = [List[AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaColumnModel]]::new();
    $addAllColumns = $false
    if ($MetadataList.Contains($tableSchema.QuotedName)) {
        if ($tableSchema.HasError) {
            $fullTableName = $tableSchema.QuotedName
            Write-Host "Can't add table $fullTableName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
            Write-Host $tableSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            continue;
        }
        else {
            $addAllColumns = $true
        }
    }
    foreach($columnSchema in $tableSchema.Columns) {
        $fullColumnName = $tableSchema.QuotedName + "." + $columnSchema.QuotedName
        if ($addAllColumns -or $MetadataList.Contains($fullColumnName)) {
            if ((-not $addAllColumns) -and $tableSchema.HasError) {
                Write-Host "Can't add column $fullColumnName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
                Write-Host $tableSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            }
            elseif ((-not $addAllColumns) -and $columnSchema.HasError) {
                Write-Host "Can't add column $fullColumnName to the sync schema" -foregroundcolor "Red"
                Write-Host $columnSchema.ErrorId -foregroundcolor "Red"
            }
            else {
                Write-Host "Adding"$fullColumnName" to the sync schema"
                $newColumnSchema = [AzureSqlSyncGroupSchemaColumnModel]::new()
                $newColumnSchema.QuotedName = $columnSchema.QuotedName
                $newColumnSchema.DataSize = $columnSchema.DataSize
                $newColumnSchema.DataType = $columnSchema.DataType
                $newTableSchema.Columns.Add($newColumnSchema)
            }
        }
    }
    if ($newTableSchema.Columns.Count -gt 0) {
        $newSchema.Tables.Add($newTableSchema)
    }
}

# convert sync schema to JSON format
$schemaString = $newSchema | ConvertTo-Json -depth 5 -Compress

# workaround a powershell bug
$schemaString = $schemaString.Replace('"Tables"', '"tables"').Replace('"Columns"', '"columns"').Replace('"QuotedName"', '"quotedName"').Replace('"MasterSyncMemberName"','"masterSyncMemberName"')

# save the sync schema to a temp file
$schemaString | Out-File $tempFile

# update sync schema
Write-Host "Updating the sync schema..."
Update-AzSqlSyncGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName `
    -DatabaseName $databaseName -Name $syncGroupName -Schema $tempFile

$syncLogStartTime = Get-Date

# trigger sync manually
Write-Host "Trigger sync manually..."
Start-AzSqlSyncGroupSync -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName

# check the sync log and wait until the first sync succeeded
Write-Host "Check the sync log..."
$isSucceeded = $false
for ($i = 0; ($i -lt 300) -and (-not $isSucceeded); $i = $i + 10) {
    Start-Sleep -s 10
    $syncLogEndTime = Get-Date
    $syncLogList = Get-AzSqlSyncGroupLog -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -StartTime $syncLogStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -EndTime $syncLogEndTime.ToUniversalTime()

    if ($synclogList.Length -gt 0) {
        foreach ($syncLog in $syncLogList) {
            if ($syncLog.Details.Contains("Sync completed successfully")) {
                Write-Host $syncLog.TimeStamp : $syncLog.Details
                $isSucceeded = $true
            }
        }
    }
}

if ($isSucceeded) {
    # enable scheduled sync
    Write-Host "Enable the scheduled sync with 300 seconds interval..."
    Update-AzSqlSyncGroup  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -Name $syncGroupName -IntervalInSeconds $intervalInSeconds
}
else {
    # output all log if sync doesn't succeed in 300 seconds
    $syncLogEndTime = Get-Date
    $syncLogList = Get-AzSqlSyncGroupLog  -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -ServerName $serverName -DatabaseName $databaseName `
        -SyncGroupName $syncGroupName -StartTime $syncLogStartTime.ToUniversalTime() -EndTime $syncLogEndTime.ToUniversalTime()

    if ($synclogList.Length -gt 0) {
        foreach ($syncLog in $syncLogList) {
            Write-Host $syncLog.TimeStamp : $syncLog.Details
        }
    }
}

清理部署

运行示例脚本后，可以运行以下命令，删除资源组以及与其关联的所有资源。

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $syncDatabaseResourceGroupName

脚本说明

此脚本使用以下命令。 表中的每条命令链接到特定于命令的文档。

相关内容

有关 Azure PowerShell 的详细信息，请参阅 Azure PowerShell 文档。

可以在 Azure SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本中找到更多 SQL 数据库 PowerShell 脚本示例。

有关 SQL 数据同步的详细信息，请参阅：

• 概述 - 使用 Azure SQL 数据同步跨多个云和本地数据库同步数据
• 设置数据同步
  • 使用 Azure 门户 - 教程：设置 SQL 数据同步，以在 Azure SQL 数据库中的数据库和 SQL Server 本地数据库之间同步数据
  • 使用 PowerShell - 使用 PowerShell 在 Azure SQL 数据库中的多个数据库之间进行同步
• Data Sync Agent - Azure 中 SQL 数据同步的 Data Sync Agent
• 最佳做法 - Azure 中 SQL 数据同步的最佳做法
• 监视 - 使用 Azure Monitor 日志监视 SQL 数据同步
• 故障排除 - 排查 Azure 中的 SQL 数据同步问题
• 更新同步架构
  • 使用 Transact-SQL - 在 Azure 中的 SQL 数据同步中自动复制架构更改
  • 使用 PowerShell - 使用 PowerShell 更新现有同步组中的同步架构

有关 Azure SQL 数据库的详细信息，请参阅：

• SQL 数据库概述
• 数据库生命周期管理