对不支持 TLS 1.2 的应用程序进行故障排除

项目
10/01/2024

重要

从 2024 年 9 月 1 日开始，已弃用所有客户的云服务（经典版）。从 2024 年 10 月开始，Microsoft 将停止并关闭任何正在运行的现有部署，数据将永久性丢失。新部署应使用基于 Azure 资源管理器的新型部署模型 Azure 云服务（外延支持）。

本文介绍如何启用较旧的 TLS 协议（TLS 1.0 和 1.1）。还介绍了旧式密码套件的应用程序，它支持 Windows Server 2019 云服务 Web 和辅助角色上的附加协议。

我们了解到，虽然我们正在采取措施来弃用 TLS 1.0 和 TLS 1.1，但客户在此期间可能需要支持较旧的协议和密码套件。虽然不建议重新启用这些旧值，但我们提供了用于帮助客户的指导。我们鼓励客户在实施本文概述的更改之前评估回归的风险。

注意

来宾 OS 系列 6 版本通过显式禁用 TLS 1.0 和 1.1 并定义一组特定的密码套件来强制实施 TLS 1.2。有关来宾 OS 系列的详细信息，请参阅来宾 OS 发行动态

删除对 TLS 1.0、TLS 1.1 和更早版本密码套件的支持

为了支持我们使用一流加密的承诺，Microsoft 在 2017 年 6 月宣布计划开始从 TLS 1.0 和 1.1 迁离。 Microsoft 已宣布计划于 2020 年上半年在 Microsoft Edge 和 Internet Explorer 11 的受支持版本中默认禁用传输层安全性 (TLS) 1.0 和 1.1。 Apple、Google 和 Mozilla 也发布了类似的公告，指明了行业的发展方向。

有关详细信息，请参阅在 Azure 中准备 TLS 1.2

TLS 配置

Windows Server 2019 云服务器映像配置为在注册表级别禁用 TLS 1.0 和 TLS 1.1。这意味着部署到此版 Windows 并使用 Windows 堆栈进行 TLS 协商的应用程序将不允许 TLS 1.0 和 TLS 1.1 通信。

服务器还附带一组有限的密码套件：

    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 
    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 
    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 
    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 
    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 
    TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 
    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 
    TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384

步骤 1：创建用于启用 TLS 1.0 和 TLS 1.1 的 PowerShell 脚本

以下面的代码为例，创建启用旧协议和密码套件的脚本。在本文档中，此脚本将命名为：TLSsettings.ps1。将此脚本存储在本地桌面上，以便在后续步骤中轻松访问。

# You can use the -SetCipherOrder (or -sco) option to also set the TLS cipher 
# suite order. Change the cipherorder variable below to the order you want to set on the 
# server. Setting this requires a reboot to take effect.

Param(
 [parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
 [alias("sco")]
 [switch]$SetCipherOrder)

 Function DisableRC4 {
   param ( $restart)
  $subkeys = Get-Item -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL"
  $ciphers = $subkeys.OpenSubKey("Ciphers", $true)

  if($ciphers.SubKeyCount -eq 0) {
    $k1 = $ciphers.CreateSubKey("RC4 128/128")
    $k1.SetValue("Enabled", 0, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord)
    $restart = $true
    $k2 = $ciphers.CreateSubKey("RC4 64/128")
    $k2.SetValue("Enabled", 0, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord)
    $k3 = $ciphers.CreateSubKey("RC4 56/128")
    $k3.SetValue("Enabled", 0, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord)
    $k4 = $ciphers.CreateSubKey("RC4 40/128")
    $k4.SetValue("Enabled", 0, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord)
  }

  $restart

}

Function Set-CryptoSetting {
  param (
    $keyindex,
    $value,
    $valuedata,
    $valuetype,
    $restart
  )

  # Check for existence of registry key, and create if it does not exist
  If (!(Test-Path -Path $regkeys[$keyindex])) {
    New-Item $regkeys[$keyindex] | Out-Null
  }

  # Get data of registry value, or null if it does not exist
  $val = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[$keyindex] -Name $value -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).$value

  If ($null -eq $val) {
    # Value does not exist - create and set to desired value
    New-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[$keyindex] -Name $value -Value $valuedata -PropertyType $valuetype | Out-Null
    $restart = $True
    Write-Host "Configuring $regkeys[$keyindex]...."

  } Else {

    # Value does exist - if not equal to desired value, change it
    If ($val -ne $valuedata) {
      Set-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[$keyindex] -Name $value -Value $valuedata
      $restart = $True
      Write-Host "Configuring $regkeys[$keyindex]..."
    }
  }

  $restart

}

$regkeys = @(
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.0",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.0\Client",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.0\Server", #2
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.1",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.1\Client", #4
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.1\Server",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.2",        #6
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.2\Client",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\TLS 1.2\Server", #8
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 2.0",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 2.0\Client", #10
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 2.0\Server",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 3.0",        #12
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 3.0\Client",
"HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\Protocols\SSL 3.0\Server", #14
"HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Cryptography\Configuration\SSL\00010002"
)

Function Set-Windows10PlusCurveOrder {
    param ( $reboot)
    $desiredOrder = "NistP384;NistP256".Split(";")
    If ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -ge 10) {
        If (!(Test-Path -Path $regkeys[15])) {
            New-Item $regkeys[15] | Out-Null
            $reboot = $True
        }

        $val = (Get-Item -Path $regkeys[15] -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).GetValue("EccCurves", $null)

        if( $null -eq $val) {
            New-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[15] -Name EccCurves -Value $desiredOrder -PropertyType MultiString | Out-Null
            $reboot = $True

        } else {

            if ([System.String]::Join(';', $val) -ne [System.String]::Join(';', $desiredOrder)) {
                Write-Host "The original curve order ", `n, $val, `n, "needs to be updated to ", $desiredOrder
                Set-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[15] -Name EccCurves -Value $desiredOrder
                $reboot = $True
            }
        }
    }

    $reboot

}

If ([Environment]::OSVersion.Version.Major -lt 10) {
  # This is for Windows before 10 
  Write-Host "Configuring Windows before 10..."
  $cipherorder =  "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384_P384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256_P256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384_P384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256_P256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384_P256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256_P256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA_P256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA_P256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,"
  $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"

} Else {

 # this is for windows 10 or above
 Write-Host "Configuring Windows 10+..."
 $cipherorder = "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256,"
 $cipherorder += "TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA"
}

# If any settings are changed, this will change to $True and the server will reboot
$reboot = $False

# Check for existence of registry keys (SSL 2.0, SSL 3.0, TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, TLS 1.2), and create if they do not exist
For ($i = 0; $i -le 14; $i = $i + 1) {
  If (!(Test-Path -Path $regkeys[$i])) {
    New-Item $regkeys[$i] | Out-Null
  }
}

# Ensure SSL 2.0 disabled for client/server
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 10 DisabledByDefault 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 10 Enabled 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 11 DisabledByDefault 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 11 Enabled 0 DWord $reboot

# Ensure SSL 3.0 disabled for client/server
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 13 DisabledByDefault 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 13 Enabled 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 14 DisabledByDefault 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 14 Enabled 0 DWord $reboot

# Ensure TLS 1.0 enabled for client/server
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 1 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 1 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 2 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 2 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot

# Ensure TLS 1.1 enabled for client/server
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 4 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 4 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 5 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 5 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot

# Ensure TLS 1.2 enabled for client/server
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 7 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 7 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 8 DisabledByDefault 0 DWord $reboot
$reboot = Set-CryptoSetting 8 Enabled 1 DWord $reboot

$reboot = DisableRC4($reboot)

If ($SetCipherOrder) {
      If (!(Test-Path -Path $regkeys[15])) {
        New-Item $regkeys[15] | Out-Null
        $reboot = $True
      }

      $val = (Get-Item -Path $regkeys[15] -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).GetValue("Functions", $null)

      if ($val -ne $cipherorder)
      {
        Write-Host "The original cipher suite order needs to be updated", `n, $val
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $regkeys[15] -Name Functions -Value $cipherorder
        $reboot = $True
      }
  }

$reboot = Set-Windows10PlusCurveOrder $reboot

If ($reboot) {
  # Randomize the reboot timing since it could be run in a large cluster.
  $tick = [System.Int32]([System.DateTime]::Now.Ticks % [System.Int32]::MaxValue)
  $rand = [System.Random]::new($tick)
  $sec = $rand.Next(30, 600)
  Write-Host "Rebooting after", $sec, " second(s)..."
  Write-Host  "shutdown.exe /r /t $sec /c ""Crypto settings changed"" /f /d p:2:4"
  shutdown.exe /r /t $sec /c "Crypto settings changed" /f /d p:2:4

} Else {

  Write-Host "Nothing get updated."
}

步骤 2：创建命令文件

使用以下脚本创建名为“RunTLSSettings.cmd”的 CMD 文件。将此脚本存储在本地桌面上，以便在后续步骤中轻松访问。

SET LOG_FILE="%TEMP%\StartupLog.txt"
SET EXECUTE_PS1=0

IF "%ComputeEmulatorRunning%" == "" (
       SET EXECUTE_PS1=1
)

IF "%ComputeEmulatorRunning%" == "false" (
       SET EXECUTE_PS1=1
)

IF %EXECUTE_PS1% EQU 1 (
       echo "Invoking TLSsettings.ps1 on Azure service at %TIME% on %DATE%" >> %LOG_FILE% 2>&1       
       PowerShell -ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted %~dp0TLSsettings.ps1 -sco  >> %LOG_FILE% 2>&1
) ELSE (
       echo "Skipping TLSsettings.ps1 invocation on emulated environment" >> %LOG_FILE% 2>&1       
)

EXIT /B %ERRORLEVEL%

步骤 3：在角色的服务定义 (csdef) 中添加启动任务

将以下代码片段添加到现有服务定义文件中。

	<Startup> 
		<Task executionContext="elevated" taskType="simple" commandLine="RunTLSSettings.cmd"> 
		</Task> 
	</Startup>

下面的示例同时展示了辅助角色和 Web 角色。

<?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<ServiceDefinitionname="CloudServiceName" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ServiceHosting/2008/10/ServiceDefinition" schemaVersion="2015-04.2.6"> 
	<WebRolename="WebRole1" vmsize="Standard_D1_v2"> 
		<Sites> 
			<Sitename="Web"> 
				<Bindings> 
					<Bindingname="Endpoint1" endpointName="Endpoint1"/> 
				</Bindings> 
			</Site> 
		</Sites> 
		<Startup> 
			<Task executionContext="elevated" taskType="simple" commandLine="RunTLSSettings.cmd"> 
			</Task> 
		</Startup> 
		<Endpoints> 
			<InputEndpointname="Endpoint1" protocol="http" port="80"/> 
		</Endpoints> 
	</WebRole> 
<WorkerRolename="WorkerRole1" vmsize="Standard_D1_v2"> 
	<Startup> 
		<Task executionContext="elevated" taskType="simple" commandLine="RunTLSSettings.cmd"> 
		</Task> 
	</Startup> 
</WorkerRole> 
</ServiceDefinition>

步骤 4：将脚本添加到云服务

在 Visual Studio 中，右键单击“WebRole”或“WorkerRole”
选择“添加”
选择“现有项”
在文件资源管理器中，导航到存储“TLSsettings.ps1”和“RunTLSSettings.cmd”文件的桌面
选择这两个文件，将它们添加到云服务项目中

步骤 5：启用“复制到输出目录”

为了确保每次从 Visual Studio 推送更新时都上传脚本，需要将设置“复制到输出目录”设置为“始终复制”

在“WebRole”或“WorkerRole”下，右键单击“RunTLSSettings.cmd”
选择“属性”
在“属性”选项卡中，将“复制到输出目录”更改为“始终复制”
针对“TLSsettings.ps1”重复以上步骤

步骤 6：发布并验证

完成上述步骤后，请将更新发布到现有云服务。

可以使用 SSLLabs 验证终结点的 TLS 状态

通过