本文中的示例代码首先演示多轮次机器人的结构,然后通过添加更多的代码(在后面的部分中会提供)来扩展该机器人的功能。 此扩展代码演示如何在特定的时间段过后清除聊天状态。
appsettings.json
首先将 ExpireAfterSeconds
设置添加到 appsettings.json:
{
"MicrosoftAppId": "",
"MicrosoftAppPassword": "",
"ExpireAfterSeconds": 30
}
Bots\DialogBot.cs
接下来,将 ExpireAfterSeconds
、LastAccessedTimeProperty
和 DialogStateProperty
字段添加到 bot 类,并在机器人的构造函数中初始化这些字段。 另外,将 IConfiguration
参数添加到用于检索 ExpireAfterSeconds
值的构造函数。
此操作不是在 OnMessageActivityAsync
方法中内联创建对话状态属性访问器,而是在初始化时创建并记录该访问器。 机器人不仅需要使用状态属性访问器来运行对话,而且还需要使用它来清除对话状态。
protected readonly int ExpireAfterSeconds;
protected readonly IStatePropertyAccessor<DateTime> LastAccessedTimeProperty;
protected readonly IStatePropertyAccessor<DialogState> DialogStateProperty;
// Existing fields omitted...
public DialogBot(IConfiguration configuration, ConversationState conversationState, UserState userState, T dialog, ILogger<DialogBot<T>> logger)
{
ConversationState = conversationState;
UserState = userState;
Dialog = dialog;
Logger = logger;
ExpireAfterSeconds = configuration.GetValue<int>("ExpireAfterSeconds");
DialogStateProperty = ConversationState.CreateProperty<DialogState>(nameof(DialogState));
LastAccessedTimeProperty = ConversationState.CreateProperty<DateTime>(nameof(LastAccessedTimeProperty));
}
最后,将代码添加到机器人的 OnTurnAsync
方法,以便在聊天太旧时清除对话状态。
public override async Task OnTurnAsync(ITurnContext turnContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
{
// Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
var lastAccess = await LastAccessedTimeProperty.GetAsync(turnContext, () => DateTime.UtcNow, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
if ((DateTime.UtcNow - lastAccess) >= TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ExpireAfterSeconds))
{
// Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await turnContext.SendActivityAsync("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.").ConfigureAwait(false);
// Clear state.
await ConversationState.ClearStateAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
await base.OnTurnAsync(turnContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
// Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await LastAccessedTimeProperty.SetAsync(turnContext, DateTime.UtcNow, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await ConversationState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
await UserState.SaveChangesAsync(turnContext, false, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
}
.env
首先,将 ExpireAfterSeconds
设置添加到 .env:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
ExpireAfterSeconds=30
bots\dialogBot.js
接下来,将字段添加到 DialogBot
并更新构造函数。 为 expireAfterSeconds
和 lastAccessedTimeProperty
添加本地字段。
将 expireAfterSeconds
作为参数添加到构造函数并创建所需的 StatePropertyAccessor
:
constructor(expireAfterSeconds, conversationState, userState, dialog) {
// Existing code omitted...
this.lastAccessedTimeProperty = this.conversationState.createProperty('LastAccessedTime');
this.expireAfterSeconds = expireAfterSeconds;
// Existing code omitted...
}
将代码添加到机器人的 run
方法:
async run(context) {
// Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
const now = new Date();
const lastAccess = new Date(await this.lastAccessedTimeProperty.get(context, now.toISOString()));
if (now !== lastAccess && ((now.getTime() - lastAccess.getTime()) / 1000) >= this.expireAfterSeconds) {
// Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await context.sendActivity("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.");
// Clear state.
await this.conversationState.clear(context);
}
await super.run(context);
// Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await this.lastAccessedTimeProperty.set(context, now.toISOString());
// Save any state changes. The load happened during the execution of the Dialog.
await this.conversationState.saveChanges(context, false);
await this.userState.saveChanges(context, false);
}
index.js
最后,更新 index.js
以将 ExpireAfterSeconds
参数发送到 DialogBot
:
const bot = new DialogBot(process.env.ExpireAfterSeconds, conversationState, userState, dialog);
application.properties
首先将 ExpireAfterSeconds
设置添加到 application.properties:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
server.port=3978
ExpireAfterSeconds=30
DialogBot.java
接下来,将 expireAfterSeconds
、lastAccessedTimeProperty
和 dialogStateProperty
字段添加到 bot 类,并在机器人的构造函数中初始化这些字段。 另外,将 Configuration
参数添加到构造函数以检索 ExpireAfterSeconds
值。
此操作不是在 onMessageActivity
方法中内联创建对话状态属性访问器,而是在初始化时创建并记录该访问器。 机器人不仅需要使用状态属性访问器来运行对话,而且还需要使用它来清除对话状态。
protected final int expireAfterSeconds;
protected final StatePropertyAccessor<LocalTime> lastAccessedTimeProperty;
protected final StatePropertyAccessor<DialogState> dialogStateProperty;
// Existing fields omitted...
public DialogBot(
Configuration configuration,
ConversationState withConversationState,
UserState withUserState,
Dialog withDialog
) {
dialog = withDialog;
conversationState = withConversationState;
userState = withUserState;
expireAfterSeconds = configuration.getProperty("ExpireAfterSeconds") != null ?
Integer.parseInt(configuration.getProperty("ExpireAfterSeconds")) :
30;
lastAccessedTimeProperty = conversationState.createProperty("LastAccessedTimeProperty");
dialogStateProperty = conversationState.createProperty("DialogStateProperty");
}
最后,将代码添加到机器人的 onTurn
方法,以便在聊天太旧时清除对话状态。
@Override
public CompletableFuture<Void> onTurn(
TurnContext turnContext
) {
LocalTime lastAccess = lastAccessedTimeProperty.get(turnContext).join();
if (lastAccess != null
&& (java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(lastAccess, LocalTime.now()) >= expireAfterSeconds)) {
turnContext.sendActivity("Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning.").join();
conversationState.clearState(turnContext).join();
}
return lastAccessedTimeProperty.set(turnContext, LocalTime.now()).thenCompose(setResult -> {
return super.onTurn(turnContext)
.thenCompose(result -> conversationState.saveChanges(turnContext))
// Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
.thenCompose(result -> userState.saveChanges(turnContext));
});
}
config.py
首先将 ExpireAfterSeconds
设置添加到 config.py:
PORT = 3978
APP_ID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppId", "")
APP_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppPassword", "")
EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS = os.environ.get("ExpireAfterSeconds", 30)
bots\dialog_bot.py
接下来,将字段添加到 DialogBot
并更新构造函数。 为 expire_after_seconds
和 last_accessed_time_property
添加本地字段。
将 expire_after_seconds
作为参数添加到构造函数并创建所需的 StatePropertyAccessor
:
def __init__(
self,
expire_after_seconds: int,
conversation_state: ConversationState,
user_state: UserState,
dialog: Dialog,
):
# Existing code omitted...
self.expire_after_seconds = expire_after_seconds
self.dialog_state_property = conversation_state.create_property("DialogState")
self.last_accessed_time_property = conversation_state.create_property("LastAccessedTime")
self.conversation_state = conversation_state
self.user_state = user_state
self.dialog = dialog
更改 on_message_activity
,使其使用 dialog_state_property
:
async def on_message_activity(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
await DialogHelper.run_dialog(
self.dialog,
turn_context,
self.dialog_state_property,
)
将代码添加到机器人的 on_turn
方法:
async def on_turn(self, turn_context: TurnContext):
# Retrieve the property value, and compare it to the current time.
now_seconds = int(time.time())
last_access = int(
await self.last_accessed_time_property.get(turn_context, now_seconds)
)
if now_seconds != last_access and (
now_seconds - last_access >= self.expire_after_seconds
):
# Notify the user that the conversation is being restarted.
await turn_context.send_activity(
"Welcome back! Let's start over from the beginning."
)
# Clear state.
await self.conversation_state.clear_state(turn_context)
await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context, True)
await super().on_turn(turn_context)
# Set LastAccessedTime to the current time.
await self.last_accessed_time_property.set(turn_context, now_seconds)
# Save any state changes that might have occurred during the turn.
await self.conversation_state.save_changes(turn_context)
await self.user_state.save_changes(turn_context)
app.py
最后,更新 app.py
以将 EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS
参数发送到 DialogBot
:
BOT = DialogBot(CONFIG.EXPIRE_AFTER_SECONDS, CONVERSATION_STATE, USER_STATE, DIALOG)
Cosmos DB 提供生存时间 (TTL) 功能,用于在特定的时间段过后自动从容器中删除项。 可以在 Azure 门户中或者在创建容器期间(使用特定于语言的 Cosmos DB SDK)配置 TTL。
Bot Framework SDK 不公开 TTL 配置设置。 但可以替代容器初始化,并可以使用 Cosmos DB SDK 在 Bot Framework 存储初始化之前配置 TTL。
从“多轮次提示”示例的全新副本着手,将 Microsoft.Bot.Builder.Azure
NuGet 包添加到项目。
appsettings.json
更新 appsettings.json 以包含 Cosmos DB 存储选项:
{
"MicrosoftAppId": "",
"MicrosoftAppPassword": "",
"CosmosDbTimeToLive": 30,
"CosmosDbEndpoint": "<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>",
"CosmosDbAuthKey": "<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>",
"CosmosDbDatabaseId": "<your-database-id>",
"CosmosDbUserStateContainerId": "<no-ttl-container-id>",
"CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId": "<ttl-container-id>"
}
请注意两个 ContainerId,一个用于 UserState
,另一个用于 ConversationState
。 默认的 TTL 在 ConversationState
容器上设置,但不在 UserState
上设置。
CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService.cs
接下来创建一个 CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService
类,该类将使用配置的生存时间创建容器。
// Add required using statements...
public class CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService : IHostedService
{
readonly CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions _storageOptions;
readonly int _cosmosDbTimeToLive;
public CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService(IConfiguration config)
{
_storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = config["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = config["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = config["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = config["CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"]
};
_cosmosDbTimeToLive = config.GetValue<int>("CosmosDbTimeToLive");
}
public async Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
using (var client = new CosmosClient(
_storageOptions.CosmosDbEndpoint,
_storageOptions.AuthKey,
_storageOptions.CosmosClientOptions ?? new CosmosClientOptions()))
{
// Create the contaier with the provided TTL
var containerResponse = await client
.GetDatabase(_storageOptions.DatabaseId)
.DefineContainer(_storageOptions.ContainerId, "/id")
.WithDefaultTimeToLive(_cosmosDbTimeToLive)
.WithIndexingPolicy().WithAutomaticIndexing(false).Attach()
.CreateIfNotExistsAsync(_storageOptions.ContainerThroughput)
.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
}
public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken) => Task.CompletedTask;
}
Startup.cs
最后,更新 Startup.cs
以使用存储初始化表达式,并使用 Cosmos DB 作为状态:
// Existing code omitted...
// commented out MemoryStorage, since we are using CosmosDbPartitionedStorage instead
// services.AddSingleton<IStorage, MemoryStorage>();
// Add the Initializer as a HostedService (so it's called during the app service startup)
services.AddHostedService<CosmosDbStorageInitializerHostedService>();
// Create the storage options for User state
var userStorageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = Configuration["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = Configuration["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = Configuration["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = Configuration["CosmosDbUserStateContainerId"]
};
// Create the User state. (Used in this bot's Dialog implementation.)
services.AddSingleton(new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(userStorageOptions)));
// Create the storage options for Conversation state
var conversationStorageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions()
{
CosmosDbEndpoint = Configuration["CosmosDbEndpoint"],
AuthKey = Configuration["CosmosDbAuthKey"],
DatabaseId = Configuration["CosmosDbDatabaseId"],
ContainerId = Configuration["CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"]
};
// Create the Conversation state. (Used by the Dialog system itself.)
services.AddSingleton(new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(conversationStorageOptions)));
// Existing code omitted...
从“多轮次提示”示例的全新副本着手。
.env
更新 .env 以包含 Cosmos DB 存储选项:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
CosmosDbTimeToLive=30
CosmosDbEndpoint=<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>
CosmosDbAuthKey=<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>
CosmosDbDatabaseId=<your-database-id>
CosmosDbUserStateContainerId=<no-ttl-container-id>
CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId=<ttl-container-id>
请注意两个 ContainerId,一个用于 UserState
,另一个用于 ConversationState
。 默认的 TTL 在 ConversationState
容器上设置,但不在 UserState
上设置。
project.json
接下来,将 botbuilder-azure
npm 包添加到 project.json。
"dependencies": {
"botbuilder": "~4.9.2",
"botbuilder-dialogs": "~4.9.2",
"botbuilder-azure": "~4.9.2",
"dotenv": "^8.2.0",
"path": "^0.12.7",
"restify": "~8.5.1"
},
index.js
在 index.js 中添加所需的 require 语句:
const { CosmosDbPartitionedStorage } = require('botbuilder-azure');
const { CosmosClient } = require('@azure/cosmos');
将 MemoryStorage
、ConversationState
和 UserState
创建语句替换为:
// const memoryStorage = new MemoryStorage();
// Storage options for Conversation State
const conversationStorageOptions = {
cosmosDbEndpoint: process.env.CosmosDbEndpoint,
authKey: process.env.CosmosDbAuthKey,
databaseId: process.env.CosmosDbDatabaseId,
containerId: process.env.CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId
};
// Create a cosmosClient, and set defaultTtl (with other properties)
var cosmosClient = new CosmosClient({
endpoint: conversationStorageOptions.cosmosDbEndpoint,
key: conversationStorageOptions.authKey,
...conversationStorageOptions.cosmosClientOptions,
});
// Create the container with the provided TTL.
Promise.resolve(cosmosClient
.database(conversationStorageOptions.databaseId)
.containers.createIfNotExists({
id: conversationStorageOptions.containerId,
partitionKey: {
paths: ['/id']
},
defaultTtl: parseInt(process.env.CosmosDbTimeToLive, 10)
}));
// Storage options for User State
const userStorageOptions = {
cosmosDbEndpoint: process.env.CosmosDbEndpoint,
authKey: process.env.CosmosDbAuthKey,
databaseId: process.env.CosmosDbDatabaseId,
containerId: process.env.CosmosDbUserStateContainerId
};
// Create state instances.
const conversationState = new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(conversationStorageOptions));
const userState = new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(userStorageOptions));
最后,在启动机器人之前运行 npm install。
npm install
从“多轮次提示”示例的全新副本着手,将以下依赖项添加到 pom.xml 文件:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.microsoft.bot</groupId>
<artifactId>bot-azure</artifactId>
<version>4.13.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.azure</groupId>
<artifactId>azure-cosmos</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.properties
更新 application.properties 以包含 Cosmos DB 存储选项:
MicrosoftAppId=
MicrosoftAppPassword=
server.port=3978
CosmosDbTimeToLive = 30
CosmosDbEndpoint = <endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>
CosmosDbAuthKey = <your-cosmosdb-auth-key>
CosmosDbDatabaseId = <your-database-id>
CosmosDbUserStateContainerId = <no-ttl-container-id>
CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId = <ttl-container-id>
请注意两个 ContainerId,一个用于 UserState
,另一个用于 ConversationState
。 默认的 TTL 在 ConversationState
容器上设置,但不在 UserState
上设置。
CosmosDbStorageInitializer.java
接下来创建一个 CosmosDbStorageInitializer
类,该类将使用配置的生存时间创建容器。
package com.microsoft.bot.sample.multiturnprompt;
import com.azure.cosmos.CosmosAsyncClient;
import com.azure.cosmos.CosmosClientBuilder;
import com.azure.cosmos.models.CosmosContainerProperties;
import com.microsoft.bot.azure.CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions;
import com.microsoft.bot.integration.Configuration;
public class CosmosDbStorageInitializer {
final CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions;
final int cosmosDbTimeToLive;
public CosmosDbStorageInitializer(Configuration configuration) {
storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"));
cosmosDbTimeToLive = configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbTimeToLive") != null
? Integer.parseInt(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbTimeToLive"))
: 30;
}
public void initialize() {
CosmosAsyncClient client = new CosmosClientBuilder().endpoint(storageOptions.getCosmosDbEndpoint())
.key(storageOptions.getAuthKey()).buildAsyncClient();
client.createDatabaseIfNotExists(storageOptions.getDatabaseId()).block();
CosmosContainerProperties cosmosContainerProperties = new CosmosContainerProperties(
storageOptions.getContainerId(), "/id");
cosmosContainerProperties.setDefaultTimeToLiveInSeconds(cosmosDbTimeToLive);
client.getDatabase(storageOptions.getDatabaseId()).createContainerIfNotExists(cosmosContainerProperties)
.block();
client.close();
}
}
Application.java
最后,更新 Application.java
以使用存储初始化表达式,并使用 Cosmos DB 作为状态:
// Existing code omitted...
@Override
public ConversationState getConversationState(Storage storage) {
Configuration configuration = getConfiguration();
CosmosDbStorageInitializer initializer = new CosmosDbStorageInitializer(configuration);
initializer.initialize();
CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId"));
return new ConversationState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(storageOptions));
}
/**
* Returns a UserState object. Default scope of Singleton.
*
* @param storage The Storage object to use.
* @return A UserState object.
*/
@Override
public UserState getUserState(Storage storage) {
Configuration configuration = getConfiguration();
CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions storageOptions = new CosmosDbPartitionedStorageOptions();
storageOptions.setCosmosDbEndpoint(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbEndpoint"));
storageOptions.setAuthKey(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbAuthKey"));
storageOptions.setDatabaseId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbDatabaseId"));
storageOptions.setContainerId(configuration.getProperty("CosmosDbUserStateContainerId"));
return new UserState(new CosmosDbPartitionedStorage(storageOptions));
}
从“多轮次提示”示例的全新副本着手。
config.py
更新 config.py
以包含 Cosmos DB 存储选项:
PORT = 3978
APP_ID = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppId", "")
APP_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("MicrosoftAppPassword", "")
COSMOSDB_TTL = os.environ.get("CosmosDbTimeToLive", 30)
COSMOSDB_ENDPOINT = os.environ.get("CosmosDbEndpoint", "<endpoint-for-your-cosmosdb-instance>")
COSMOSDB_AUTH_KEY = os.environ.get("CosmosDbAuthKey", "<your-cosmosdb-auth-key>")
COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbDatabaseId", "<your-database-id>")
COSMOSDB_USER_STATE_CONTAINER_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbUserStateContainerId", "<no-ttl-container-id>")
COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID = os.environ.get("CosmosDbConversationStateContainerId", "<ttl-container-id>")
请注意两个 ContainerId,一个用于 UserState
,另一个用于 ConversationState
。 默认的 TTL 在 ConversationState
容器上设置,但不在 UserState
上设置。
requirements.txt
接下来,将 botbuilder-azure
包添加到 requirements.txt。
botbuilder-integration-aiohttp>=4.10.0
botbuilder-dialogs>=4.10.0
botbuilder-ai>=4.10.0
botbuilder-azure>=4.10.0
然后运行 pip install:
pip install -r requirements.txt
app.py
client = cosmos_client.CosmosClient(
CONFIG.COSMOSDB_ENDPOINT, {"masterKey": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_AUTH_KEY},
)
containers = list(client.QueryContainers("dbs/" + CONFIG.COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID, {
"query": "SELECT * FROM r WHERE r.id=@id",
"parameters": [
{"name": "@id", "value": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID}
],
}))
if len(containers) < 1:
new_container = client.CreateContainer(
"dbs/" + CONFIG.COSMOSDB_DATABASE_ID,
{
"defaultTtl": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_TTL,
"id": CONFIG.COSMOSDB_CONVERSATION_STATE_CONTAINER_ID,
"partitionKey": {"paths": ["/id"], "kind": "Hash",},
},
)