Tutorial: Connect to Azure databases from App Service without secrets using a managed identity

1. Install dependencies.

   dotnet add package Microsoft.Data.SqlClient
   

2. Get the Azure SQL Database connection string from the environment variable added by Service Connector.

   using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;
   
   // AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING should be one of the following:
   // For system-assigned managed identity:"Server=tcp:<server-name>.database.chinacloudapi.cn;Database=<database-name>;Authentication=Active Directory Default;TrustServerCertificate=True"
   // For user-assigned managed identity: "Server=tcp:<server-name>.database.chinacloudapi.cn;Database=<database-name>;Authentication=Active Directory Default;User Id=<client-id-of-user-assigned-identity>;TrustServerCertificate=True"
   
   string connectionString = 
       Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")!;
   
   using var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
   connection.Open();
   

   For more information, see Using Active Directory Managed Identity authentication.

1. Add the following dependencies in your pom.xml file:

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity</artifactId>
       <version>1.4.6</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
       <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
       <version>10.2.0.jre11</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. Get the Azure SQL Database connection string from the environment variable added by Service Connector.

   import java.sql.Connection;
   import java.sql.ResultSet;
   import java.sql.Statement;
   
   import com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDataSource;
   
   public class Main {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           // AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING should be one of the following:
           // For system-assigned managed identity: "jdbc:sqlserver://{SQLName}.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433;databaseName={SQLDbName};authentication=ActiveDirectoryMSI;"
           // For user-assigned managed identity: "jdbc:sqlserver://{SQLName}.database.chinacloudapi.cn:1433;databaseName={SQLDbName};msiClientId={UserAssignedMiClientId};authentication=ActiveDirectoryMSI;"
           String connectionString = System.getenv("AZURE_SQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");
           SQLServerDataSource ds = new SQLServerDataSource();
           ds.setURL(connectionString);
           try (Connection connection = ds.getConnection()) {
               System.out.println("Connected successfully.");
           } catch (SQLException e) {
               e.printStackTrace();
           }
       }
   }
   

For more information, see Connect using Microsoft Entra authentication.

1. Install dependencies.

   python -m pip install pyodbc
   

2. Get the Azure SQL Database connection configurations from the environment variable added by Service Connector. Uncomment the part of the code snippet for the authentication type you want to use.

   import os;
   import pyodbc
   
   server = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_SERVER')
   port = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_PORT')
   database = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_DATABASE')
   authentication = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_AUTHENTICATION')  # The value should be 'ActiveDirectoryMsi'
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned managed identity.
   # connString = f'Driver={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};Server={server},{port};Database={database};Authentication={authentication};Encrypt=yes;'
   
   # For user-assigned managed identity.
   # client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_SQL_USER')
   # connString = f'Driver={{ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server}};Server={server},{port};Database={database};UID={client_id};Authentication={authentication};Encrypt=yes;'
   
   conn = pyodbc.connect(connString)
   

   For an alternative method, you can also connect to Azure SQL Database using an access token, refer to Migrate a Python application to use passwordless connections with Azure SQL Database.

1. Install dependencies.

   npm install mssql
   

2. Get the Azure SQL Database connection configurations from the environment variables added by Service Connector. Uncomment the part of the code snippet for the authentication type you want to use.

   import sql from 'mssql';
   
   const server = process.env.AZURE_SQL_SERVER;
   const database = process.env.AZURE_SQL_DATABASE;
   const port = parseInt(process.env.AZURE_SQL_PORT);
   const authenticationType = process.env.AZURE_SQL_AUTHENTICATIONTYPE;
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   // For system-assigned managed identity.
   // const config = {
   //     server,
   //     port,
   //     database,
   //     authentication: {
   //         authenticationType
   //     },
   //     options: {
   //        encrypt: true
   //     }
   // };  
   
   // For user-assigned managed identity.
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_SQL_CLIENTID;
   // const config = {
   //     server,
   //     port,
   //     database,
   //     authentication: {
   //         type: authenticationType
   //     },
   //     options: {
   //         encrypt: true,
   //         clientId: clientId
   //     }
   // };  
   
   this.poolconnection = await sql.connect(config);
   

For .NET, get an access token for the managed identity using a client library such as Azure.Identity. Then use the access token as a password to connect to the database. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

using Azure.Core;
using Azure.Identity;
using MySqlConnector;

// Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
// For system-assigned managed identity.
// var credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// For user-assigned managed identity.
// var credential = new DefaultAzureCredential(
//     new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions
//     {
//         ManagedIdentityClientId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID");
//     });

var tokenRequestContext = new TokenRequestContext(
    new[] { "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default" });
AccessToken accessToken = await credential.GetTokenAsync(tokenRequestContext);
// Open a connection to the MySQL server using the access token.
string connectionString =
    $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_MYSQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")};Password={accessToken.Token}";

using var connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
Console.WriteLine("Opening connection using access token...");
await connection.OpenAsync();

// do something

1. Add the following dependencies in your pom.xml file:

   <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>8.0.33</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity-extensions</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. Get the connection string from the environment variable, and add the plugin name to connect to the database:

   String url = System.getenv("AZURE_MYSQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");  
   String pluginName = "com.azure.identity.extensions.jdbc.mysql.AzureMysqlAuthenticationPlugin";
   Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url + "&defaultAuthenticationPlugin=" +
       pluginName + "&authenticationPlugins=" + pluginName);
   

For more information, see Use Java and JDBC with Azure Database for MySQL - Flexible Server.

1. Install dependencies.

   pip install azure-identity
   # install Connector/Python https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connector-python/en/connector-python-installation.html
   pip install mysql-connector-python
   

2. Authenticate with an access token from the azure-identity library. Get the connection information from the environment variable added by Service Connector. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

   from azure.identity import ManagedIdentityCredential, ClientSecretCredential
   import mysql.connector
   import os
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned managed identity.
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential()    
   
   # For user-assigned managed identity.
   # managed_identity_client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID')
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential(client_id=managed_identity_client_id)
   
   # acquire token
   accessToken = cred.get_token('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default')
   
   # open connect to Azure MySQL with the access token.
   host = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_HOST')
   database = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_NAME')
   user = os.getenv('AZURE_MYSQL_USER')
   password = accessToken.token
   
   cnx = mysql.connector.connect(user=user,
                                 password=password,
                                 host=host,
                                 database=database)
   cnx.close()
   
   

1. Install dependencies.

   npm install --save @azure/identity
   npm install --save mysql2
   

2. Get an access token using @azure/identity and the Azure MySQL database information from the environment variables added by Service Connector. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

   import { DefaultAzureCredential,ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";
   
   const mysql = require('mysql2');
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   // for system-assigned managed identity
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
   
   // for user-assigned managed identity
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_CLIENTID;
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
   //    managedIdentityClientId: clientId
   // });
   
   // acquire token
   var accessToken = await credential.getToken('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default');
   
   const connection = mysql.createConnection({
     host: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_HOST,
     user: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_USER,
     password: accessToken.token,
     database: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_DATABASE,
     port: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_PORT,
     ssl: process.env.AZURE_MYSQL_SSL
   });
   
   connection.connect((err) => {
     if (err) {
       console.error('Error connecting to MySQL database: ' + err.stack);
       return;
     }
     console.log('Connected to MySQL database');
   });
   

For .NET, get an access token for the managed identity using a client library such as Azure.Identity. Then use the access token as a password to connect to the database. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

using Azure.Identity;
using Azure.Core;
using Npgsql;

// Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
// For system-assigned identity.
// var sqlServerTokenProvider = new DefaultAzureCredential();

// For user-assigned identity.
// var sqlServerTokenProvider = new DefaultAzureCredential(
//     new DefaultAzureCredentialOptions
//     {
//         ManagedIdentityClientId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID");
//     }
// );

// Acquire the access token. 
AccessToken accessToken = await sqlServerTokenProvider.GetTokenAsync(
    new TokenRequestContext(scopes: new string[]
    {
        "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default"
    }));

// Combine the token with the connection string from the environment variables provided by Service Connector.
string connectionString =
    $"{Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING")};Password={accessToken.Token}";

// Establish the connection.
using (var connection = new NpgsqlConnection(connectionString))
{
    Console.WriteLine("Opening connection using access token...");
    connection.Open();
}

1. Add the following dependencies in your pom.xml file:

   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
       <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
       <version>42.7.5</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
       <artifactId>azure-identity-extensions</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. Get the connection string from the environment variables and add the plugin name to connect to the database:

   import java.sql.*;
   
   String url = System.getenv("AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING");
   String pluginName = "com.Azure.identity.extensions.jdbc.postgresql.AzurePostgresqlAuthenticationPlugin";  
   Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url + "&authenticationPluginClassName=" + pluginName);
   

For more information, see the following resource:

• Quickstart: Use Java and JDBC with Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server

1. Install dependencies.

   pip install azure-identity
   pip install psycopg2-binary
   

2. Authenticate with an access token from the azure-identity library and use the token as password. Get the connection information from the environment variables added by Service Connector. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

   from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
   import psycopg2
   
   # Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.
   # For system-assigned identity.
   # cred = DefaultAzureCredential()
   
   # For user-assigned identity.
   # managed_identity_client_id = os.getenv('AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID')
   # cred = ManagedIdentityCredential(client_id=managed_identity_client_id)   
   
   # Acquire the access token
   accessToken = cred.get_token('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default')
   
   # Combine the token with the connection string from the environment variables added by Service Connector to establish the connection.
   conn_string = os.getenv('AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CONNECTIONSTRING')
   conn = psycopg2.connect(conn_string + ' password=' + accessToken.token) 
   

1. Install dependencies.

   npm install --save @azure/identity
   npm install --save pg
   

2. In code, get the access token via @azure/identity and PostgreSQL connection information from environment variables added by Service Connector service. Combine them to establish the connection. When using the code below, make sure you uncomment the part of the code snippet that corresponds to the authentication type you want to use.

   import { DefaultAzureCredential, ClientSecretCredential } from "@azure/identity";
   const { Client } = require('pg');
   
   // Uncomment the following lines according to the authentication type.  
   // For system-assigned identity.
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential();
   
   // For user-assigned identity.
   // const clientId = process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID;
   // const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
   //     managedIdentityClientId: clientId
   // });
   
   // Acquire the access token.
   var accessToken = await credential.getToken('https://ossrdbms-aad.database.chinacloudapi.cn/.default');
   
   // Use the token and the connection information from the environment variables added by Service Connector to establish the connection.
   (async () => {
   const client = new Client({
       host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
       user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
       password: accesstoken.token,
       database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
       port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) ,
       ssl: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_SSL
   });
   await client.connect();
   
   await client.end();
   })();